[The estimation of intake of selected and permissible preservatives used in food industry among people from Podlaskie voivodeship]. / Oszacowanie pobrania przez ludnosc województwa podlaskiego wybranych dozwolonych substancji konserwujacych stosowanych w przemysle spozywczym.

The work aimed at estimating intake of food containing permissible preservatives. The data was comprised of food samples from 14 poviats of Podlaskie voivodeship taken to detect presence of preservatives (sodium nitrate, nitrite, benzoic acid and its salt, sorbic acid and its salt). The samples were collected between 2004 and 2007 by food inspection agency. Data concerning consumption of food provided results for an average consumption of some foodstuffs in households in which consumption of given foodstuff has been recorded by Polish Central Statistical Office, whereas data concerning consumption of soft drinks was provided by the report from March, 2008 (soft drinks market in Poland). It was stated that an average intake of the considered preservatives with an average diet is not a threat to people. Taking into account the fact data concerning consumption of foodstuffs in households is limited, it is advised to create databases comprising consumption of foodstuffs which would help in more precise evaluation of the intake.

[Health behaviour of students attending secondary school in the Sokolski district. Part I physical activity and sedentary activity]. / Zachowania zdrowotne mlodziezy szkól ponadgimnazjalnych w powiecie sokólskim. Cz. I. Aktywnosc fizyczna i zajecia sedenteryjne.

The purpose of this research was to determine the level of physical activity, and free time spent in the sitting position by secondary school students in the sokolski district. The research was conducted on 796 students who were in the 17 to 19 age range. It was carried out in March and April of the 2005-2006 school year using the diagnostic poll method. The students filled out an anonymous questionnaire (modified in 2001, part of an international research regarding youth's health behavior). The results showed not enough physical activities, a lot of sedentary activities. There was a great disproportion between these two types of activities.

[Health behaviour of students attending secondary school in the sokolski district. Part II. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages]. / Zachowania zdrowotne mlodziezy szkól ponadgimnazjalnych w powiecie sokólskim. Cz. II. palenie papierosów i picie napojów alkoholowych.

The purpose of this research was the evaluation of the use of cigarettes and alcohol among secondary school students in the sokolski district. Information about the sample, date and method of research was presented in the first part of the study. This part analyses answers to questions concerning: alcohol and smoking initiation, and the frequency of smoking, drinking and being under the influence of alcohol (intoxication). The research showed that 44.09% of the students in the 17 to 19 age range tried smoking cigarettes. 52.42% of them smoke somehow frequently, 26.49% smoke daily. 80.4% of students declared to have experimented with alcohol. 17.34% of students were under the influence of alcohol (intoxication) at least once during their lifetime. The most frequently consumed alcoholic beverage was beer.

[Evaluation of sanitary-hygienic conditions for children in schools in Podlaskie Voivodship in 2004]. / Ocena stanu sanitarno-higienicznego oraz warunków pobytu uczniów w szkolach województwa podlaskiego w 2004 roku.

The aim of this research is to evaluate sanitary-hygienic status and conditions for children provided by schools in Podlaskie Voivodship. This study was based on Mz-53 Yearly Report on sanitary-hygienic conditions in schools in 2004 developed by Poviats' Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations. In Podlaskie Voivodship there were 6,67% (1) of post-grammar schools, 5,88% (2) of branches of primary schools, 2,08% (2) of group of secondary schools and 1,86 (7) of primary schools located in buildings that were below sanitary standards. Poor technical state concerned 5,29% of schools, but branches of primary schools comprised for the highest percentage-11,76% (4). Out of conditions of cleanliness and order were only secondary schools - 1,09% (1). Buildings in bad technical state and out of condition of cleanliness and order were observed in 0,4% of schools and that concerned branches of primary schools (5,88%) and groups of secondary schools (1,04%). Lack of plumbing was found in 0,27% (2) of schools and concerned 2,94% (1) of branches of primary schools and 0,26% (1) of primary schools. Percentage of schools without sanitation accounted for 0,81% (6) and concerned only branches of primary schools. Outside lavatories were in 20,6% (7) of branches of primary schools and 5,25% (16) of primary schools. Excessive number of pupils per lavatory was in 9,37% (9) of secondary schools, in 8,25% (8) of comprehensive schools, in 5,58% (21) of primary schools, in 4,76% (1) of grammar schools and in 2,17% (2) of secondary schools. There were only 32,97% of schools with gyms (243), with vocational schools, middle vocational schools, profiled grammar schools, and branches of primary without any gym. Furniture not adjusted to children height was found most often in branches of primary schools -13,33% (4), a little less often in primary schools - 8,87% (33), and the least often in secondary schools - 2,22% (2). Inconsistent with hygienic rules lessons schedules most often took place in secondary schools - 23,91% (22) and in groups of secondary schools - 21,05% (4), and little less often in primary schools - 20,98% (77).

[Nitrates (V) in drinking water as factor of a health risk for people in Podlaskie Voivodship]. / Azotany (V) w wodzie do picia jako czynnik ryzyka zdrowotnego ludnosci województwa podlaskiego.

The aim of this article was to evaluate of a health danger and to estimate the risk due to the presence of nitrates (V) in drinking water used by people in Podlaskie Voivodship. For research I used water specimens taken in 14 poviats (smaller administration districts) in Podlaskie Voivodship as part of drinking water quality monitoring in the years 2001-2003. Evaluation of danger of nitrates (V) taken in with drinking water by the population of Podlaskie Voivodship was carried out by comparing ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) with value of EDI (Evaluated Daily Intake) and TMDI (Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake) Risk was estimated by calculating safety margin between ADI and EDI. On the basis of the obtained results it was stated that on the territory of Podlaskie Voivodship 1.79% of urban population and 4.86% of rural population, was taking in nitrates (V) with water supplied by waterworks in doses below the safety margin. Nitrates (V) from drinking water in doses below the safety margin were taken in by population of 10 poviats, with the highest percentage of the population noted in the poviats of: Grajewo (10.97%), Augustów (10.77%) and Sejny (10.43%). Among the urban population the highest percentage noted in the Poviat of Augustów (9.46%), and among the rural population--in the Poviat of Grajewo (22.46%). The highest percentage of the population (69.97%) in Podlaskie Voivodship consumed nitrates (V) with drinking water supplied by waterworks in the range of the safety margin from 1 to 10, including 78.86% of urban population and 53.3% of rural population. It seems useful to continue the environmental research on the exposure of Podlaskie Voivodship inhabitants to nitrates by correlating the risk expressed by the safety margin with cancer epidemiology.

[Giving out extra meals to children at school in the District of Podlasie in year 2003]. / Dozywianie uczniów w szkolach województwa podlaskiego w 2003 roku.

The aim of this article was to evaluate the access of school children to different forms of school lunch programmes in a range of schools in the District of Podlasie. Substantial materials for this study were provided for by MZ 53 reports for the year 2003, which mainly concerned problems associated with hygiene of primary and secondary school children, as well as supplementary reports compiled by Regional Disease Control Centres in the District of Podlasie. In the area of Podlasie school meals were served as full and one-dish lunches. 21.95% of all the schools served full lunches, 7.66% schools served one-dish lunches, with secondary and primary schools constituting the highest percentage. 20.15% of the pupils took advantage of full lunches, 4.36% of one-dish lunches. 264 schools put forward a motion of serving drinks, which constitutes 36.01%. The above mentioned drinks were mostly served in the country branches of primary schools (67.56%) and primary schools (43.6%), rarely in secondary schools (10.71%). In the schools of higher academic standard pupils were offered no drinks. Milk drinks were available all through the school year in 1.36% of schools (0.47% pupils took advantage) and 0.27% of schools in the winter season (0.07% pupils took advantage). 26.72% of all the institutions suggested organizing in-company breakfasts in schools, and these were solely primary and secondary schools. School buffets were in operation in 32.49% of schools and 5.49% of schools had sweets and drinks machines vending pastry, fizzy and still drinks.