ABSTRACT
The introduction (1968) of the legal concept of Grave Abnormal Development of the Personality Amounting to a Disorder into the penal code, made possible criminal deculpation on the basis of psychosocial maldevelopment. On the basis of an intelligence- and personality-diagnostic test-battery (Psychopathometry), the findings obtained in the examination of a sample of culprits on probation under this legal provision, has been compared with a control group homogeneous in respect of the significant parameters. Psychopathometric methods can and should reasonably supplement expertises of this culprits with defective psychosocial development.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Expert Testimony/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Psychiatry , Insanity Defense , Personality Development , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Humans , PsychometricsABSTRACT
The introduction in 1968 of the legal concept of Grave Abnormal into the penal code, Development of the Personality Amounting to a Disorder made possible criminal exculpation on the basis of psychosocial maldevelopment. Statistically established criteria for its application have hitherto been lacking. A corpus of 276 offenders on probation under this legal provision has now been compared statistically with a control group homogeneous in respect of the significant parameters. It has been possible to arrive at differentiated syndromes which are well characterised by the corresponding criteria in the penal code.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Commitment of Mentally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence , Crime , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Personality Development , Personality Tests , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
The development of Karl Leonhards opinions, and particularly his schizophrenia theory, in the psychiatry of his time is presented in the form of a historical outline. Since the psychosis cannot be regarded as a self-contained phenomena even today, it is necessary to seek correlations, and, finally, causal relationships, with the results yielded by other science. This is shown by means of relationships established to results obtained in psychology, the physiopathology of the brain, genetics, sociology and in research into prognostication and the way in which people come to terms with their illnesses. The conclusion is drawn that Leonhards phenomenology represents an optimum starting point for psychiatry in future.
Subject(s)
Philosophy , Psychiatry/history , Animals , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Investigations into 404 homicide cases involving 422 perpetrators and 442 victims in the GDR are described as an introduction to a new subject, victimology , dealing with the importance of the relations between perpetrator and victim for the actual crime. Although certain uniform features are apparent, it is evident that relations between perpetrators and victims in the GDR differ considerably from those in other countries, especially in the case of countries with very high homicide rates.
Subject(s)
Homicide , Interpersonal Relations , Adult , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Social Adjustment , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
In the discussion of a work by Wolfram and Nickel the necessity of establishing an indication with respect to the diagnosis also for psychological test procedures is dealt with. In cases of the whole personality -- e. g. alcoholism, schizophrenia, etc. -- efficiency tests offer no possibility to make an essential contribution to the diagnosis of the damage structure. They test individual functions, the results are static and cannot give any information about the dynamics of the development especially in the attitude towards the environment, and the resulting symptoms. Thus they do not bring any advantages for the development of experimental psychodiagnois in psychopathology.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychological Tests , Alcoholism/psychology , Humans , Mental Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosisSubject(s)
Mental Disorders/psychology , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Social Environment , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Humans , Neurotic Disorders/psychology , Personality Development , Psychopathology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology , Sick Role , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
The various aspects of credibility studies are dealt with and it is pointed out that these are not only valid for expertises on witnesses in child and juvenile age but - although only in relatively rare cases - also for the question whether because of psychopathological conditions, mainly mental deficiency, acute and chronic alcohol abuse as well as after accidents, suicidal attempts or temporal lobe attacks, an ability or inhability to report on healthy persons in a regular manner is present. In his expertise on the soundness of mind, the forensic psychiatrist is confronted with the task to convey his findings or doubts in case of a psychopathological indication to the court.
Subject(s)
Expert Testimony , Forensic Psychiatry , Mental Disorders/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholism/psychology , Commitment of Mentally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence , Crime , Humans , Male , MotivationABSTRACT
A description is given of the development of medical and clinical psychology. Clinical psychology is a field of certificated psychologists. Medical psychology is developing in a completely new form to deal in a scientific way with the problems existing between physician and patient as well as in the social field of the patient in the hospital and in his private environment. The same applies to the psychosocial part of the ethopathogenesis of the disease and the forms of the disease. The future of the developing field and the academic representation as well as the belonging of medical psychology to neuropsychiatry are discussed.
Subject(s)
Medicine/trends , Psychology, Clinical/trends , Specialization , Germany, East , Humans , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Patient Care Team , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
El autor inicia su trabajo cuestionando la validez de la dependencia de los modelos de origen psicopatológico que se ofrecen durante su formación a los médicos y psicólogos y la estructura social respectiva, para, a renglón seguido, analizar desde el punto de vista del principio del historicismo, cómo esta dependencia está condicionada por las características del desarrollo social en cada momento concreto, gracias a la cual pueden diferenciarse tres grupos de conceptos del modo en que se consideraba la enfermedad, también en el sentido psicopatológico. Otro aspecto tratado en este trabajo es el del objeto de la psicopatología, la psicología médica y la psicología clínica. En las páginas que el autor dedica al análisis de esta cuestión, señala que los conceptos de la psicología médica, la psicología clínica y la psicopatología se entrecruzan sin que por ello pierdan su individualidad (AU)
Subject(s)
Psychopathology , Psychology, SocialABSTRACT
En el presente artículo se señalan los aspectos teóricos e ideológicos implicados en el desarrollo alcanzado por la Psicología Clínica en la República Democrática Alemana y que condicionan la ampliación de su campo de acción actual y perpectivamente. En el acápite dedicado a la relación de la Psicología Clínica con la Medicina, los autores realizan un análisis crítico de los objetivos y métodos diagnósticos tradicionalmente empleados por la Psicología Clínica y las referencia, además, a la relación existente entre el psicodiagnóstico y las manifestaciones psicopatológicas. Al creciente empleo de las técnicas psicoterapéutica y al compromiso contraído por la Psicología Clínica con la Medicina, en general y, en particular,con algunas de sus especialidades (AU)
Subject(s)
Psychology, ClinicalABSTRACT
As part of the consultative discussions between members of the Supreme Court and workers at the Department of Forensic Psychiatry, G.D.R. Institute of Psychiatrists and Neurologists, problems are being dealt here with, which have been discussed by the present authors as early as in 1972. These are questions arising in connection with expert opinions on responsibility and guilt and concerning the offender's personality, the motives, the kind and extent of guilt, the possible exclusion of guilt, as well as urges of passion beyond the limits of paragraphs 15 and 16 in addition to exceptional objective and subjective circumstances.
Subject(s)
Crime , Forensic Psychiatry , Guilt , Emotions , Expert Testimony , Germany, East , Humans , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Motivation , PersonalityABSTRACT
The problem of pathological intoxication is discussed. Also considered by the authors in their present paper is the fact that various designations are used in the literature to describe abnormal intoxications of which the intensity is less than that of real pathological intoxication. However, phenomenological or symptomatological classifications provide no information whatsoever about the ability to take decisions and about mental responsibility. An attempt is made to establish criteria for the concept of "pathologically colored intoxication" which is primarily oriented, not in a phenomenological context, but toward a substantially diminished ability to take meaningful decisions.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Intoxication/diagnosis , Forensic Psychiatry , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Decision Making , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
Theory, diagnosis and terminology of traditional psychology apply to the subject which had previously been dealt with exclusively, most of all to psychoses in which the habitual and constitutional aspects have always been in the foreground. For questions on acute psychiatry, here set down in the form of examples, the paper deals with the experience of these restrictions, the structural motivation of the process and the interpersonal situation. This is equally valid for healthy people, neurotics and psychotics.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Forensic Psychiatry , Motivation , Adolescent , Adult , Homicide , Humans , Male , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
After a previous article had dealt with the general problems of psychodiagnostic procedures, this paper provides a critical presentation of different psychological test methods, classified according to groups of methods. The authors described some tests often applied in practical clinical diagnostics for the evaluation of development, intelligence and capacity, methods for measurement of special abilities and efforts, questionnaires and scales for self-evaluation, as well as developmental tests. Their diagnostic value and limits are emphasized; methods are dealt with in detail which have been designed or adapted in the G.D.R. or have recently been standardized.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychological Tests , Psychotherapy , Humans , Intelligence Tests , Mental Disorders/therapy , Personality Inventory , Personality Tests , Projective TechniquesABSTRACT
Owing to the changed concept of psychiatry and psychotherapy, greater demands are also being made on psychodiagnostics. The article deals with the prerequisites, possible significance and application of the clinical methods and psychological tests, describes the problems of standardization and quality testing and discusses indications and problems of the different groups of methods. The demands of the clinician addressed to test designers are dealt with, as well as the question of which group of methods should be used and by whom.
