Depression increases the risk of mortality among people living with diabetes: Results from national health and nutrition examination survey, USA.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and depression are leading global public health problems associated with profound disability and lower quality of life. Extensive evidence suggests that the two disorders are frequently comorbid. However, long-term effects such as the risk of mortality due to depression among people living with T2D are not well explored. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010 were linked with mortality files from the National Death Index up to December 31st, 2019. RESULTS: A total of 14,920 American adults were included in the study sample; nearly a tenth of them had depression (9.08 %) or T2D (10 %). In adjusted analysis, individuals with T2D were 1.70 times more likely (95 % CI = 1.42-2.03) to die than those without T2D. Among people living with T2D without depression, the risk of mortality was 1.55 times higher, but those with both T2D and depression had a 4.24 times higher risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Given the greater risk of morbidity and premature mortality with cooccurring T2D and depression, widespread screening is warranted with a focus on high-risk groups. Integrated and collaborative care models can help address the psychosocial needs of people with T2D and should be widely implemented with the sensitization of clinicians and care teams in primary and specialist care for T2D.

Transforming Social Determinants to Educational Outcomes: Geospatial Considerations.

In recovering from one of the worst educational crises in recorded history due to the pandemic, in a mission to rebuild and become more resilient, there has been a heightened urgency to provide resources to communities most in need. However, precisely identifying those needs have become all the more important due to the increase in popularity of e-learning as a suitable option and the improvement of technologies. Most notably, socially disadvantaged and historically marginalized communities were disproportionately and severely impacted by several aspects of the pandemic, in terms of health, economics, access to education, and sustainable well-being. This differential effect was modeled spatially with the combination of aerial photogrammetry, traditional geospatial mapping, and other robust AI-driven techniques to synthesize and analyze the various types of data. In this original research study, we apply various spatial health variables, relate them to educational variables in an initial empirical process of understanding how to address equity-related considerations from the context of the learner's experience, providing the empirical evidence for the development of locally tailored learner support and assistance, meeting students where they are by specifically identifying and targetting geographically underserved areas. We found that there were clear statistically significant relationships between educational attainment and several physical (p < 0.001), mental (p = 0.003), access to healthy food/food security (p < 0.001), and uptake of preventative health measures (p < 0.001), which also varied geographically. Geographic variations in learning experiences demonstrates the unquestionable need to understand a variety of physical, mental, and dietary factors surrounding the student's success. Understanding a combination of these factors in a geospatial context will allow educational institutions to best serve the needs of learners.