ABSTRACT
Carbohydrate microarrays, comprising hundreds to thousands of different glycan structures on solid surfaces in a spatially discrete pattern, are sensitive and versatile tools for the analysis of glycosylation changes in complex biological samples. Glycoarrays are also suitable for monitoring multiple molecular interactions with biomolecules where sugars are involved, offering a large variety of bioassay options. In this paper we review the most important glycan microarray types currently used with their main applications, and discuss some of the future challenges the technology faces.
Subject(s)
Polysaccharides/chemistry , Communicable Diseases/physiopathology , HumansABSTRACT
The analysis and polyclonal antibody response for newly synthesized maltose-BSA conjugate neoglycoproteins is described. In this first proof of concept study, a simple carbohydrate antigen, maltose, was linked to BSA by reductive amination. An aglycone spacer was utilized to conserve the intact annular maltose structure and to promote the accessibility of the carbohydrate immunogen hapten during immunization. The neoglycoproteins were investigated by CGE and the number of conjugated maltose residues was determined by MALDI-TOF MS. The neoglycoproteins were then evaluated by immunization of BALB/c mice and the polyclonal antibody response was tested by ELISA as evidence for the presence of sugar-containing epitope-specific antibodies. Selective antibody binding was demonstrated to the synthesized neoglycoproteins with different (low and high) glycosylation degrees suggesting the possible use of this approach to generate antibodies. Moreover, the polyclonal antibody response was not inhibited by maltose or other simple carbohydrates to confirm presence of the neoglycoprotein-specific antibodies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/blood , Antigens/analysis , Antigens/immunology , Glycoproteins/chemistry , Glycoproteins/immunology , Animals , Antigens/chemistry , Antigens/metabolism , Cattle , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epitopes , Glycoproteins/analysis , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Maltose/chemistry , Maltose/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology , Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Mono-, di- and trisaccharide representing the reducing terminal of the core structure of N-glycans were incorporated into Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro hexapeptide that is a partial structure of the Trp-cage mini-protein by linear assembly. These studies provide evidence that the used combination of Fmoc and Boc strategy and mild conditions result in glycopeptides in high purity and reasonable yield.
