ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aim of this investigation was to ascertain the frequency of secondary cataract after implantation of PMMA or Silicone IOLs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In our series of patients we implanted 900 PMMA IOLs in a period of 4 years. In the following 3 years we implanted 1600 silicone IOLs. After the operation, a Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was indicated there was a reduction in visual acuity and the patient asked for improvement. With the help of computer documentation we had the possibility to follow up a period of 6 years after PMMA and 3 years after silicone IOL implantation. RESULTS: (1) PMMA IOL: After implantation of PMMA IOLs we found a frequency of 22% capsulotomies during the investigation period of 6 years; 4.9% of them occurred during the 1st year and 8% during the 2nd year. (2) Silicone IOL: During the control period of 3 years we found a capsulotomy rate of 9.9%. Most happened in the 1st year. CONCLUSIONS: Our 22.9% capsulotomy rate after PMMA IOL implantation is lower than the rate mentioned in the literature. We noticed a peak of capsulotomies in the 2nd year after the operation. During a control period of only 3 years after implantation of silicone IOLs we found a capsulotomy rate of 9.9%.
Subject(s)
Laser Therapy , Lenses, Intraocular , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Silicon , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Prosthesis Design , ReoperationABSTRACT
In the course of three years 210 intraocular lenses (Binkhorst, Schott, Worst, hook-loop lens) were implanted. The report describes the surgical technique, complications and the advantage and disadvantages of the different types of lens. The authors consider it important only to implant lenses which permit maximum postoperative mydriasis.
Subject(s)
Anterior Chamber/surgery , Lenses, Intraocular , Aged , Humans , Laser Therapy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Reflex, Pupillary , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
In the human DC-ERG the amplitude of the slow negative potential is modulated by the corneoretinal potential as well as the c wave. Depending on the phase of the slow oscillation of the corneoretinal potential some subjects show a c wave and others do not. Some subjects, who show a c wave during the maximum of the slow oscillation, have no c wave during the minimum, but show the slow negative potential. A hypothesis of slow oscillation influence on the c wave is given.
Subject(s)
Cornea/physiology , Electroretinography/methods , Retina/physiology , Action Potentials , Electroretinography/instrumentation , HumansABSTRACT
More than 60 patients with retinal vessel occlusions were examined using the electro-oculogram (EOG) ramp test. In the course of the disease a systematic disturbance of the slow oscillation of the corneoretinal potential occurred. First, the latency of the light peak increased. Then the peak decreased and was reached up to 5 min later than in the healthy eye. In the final stage the basic level dropped to about half of the normal value and light response was absent. During the next few weeks an improvement in the basic level took place, but usually this did not involve improved vision.
Subject(s)
Electrooculography/methods , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels , Adult , Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis , Electrooculography/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal Artery , Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Retinal VeinABSTRACT
The "fast oscillation" of the corneoretinal potential can be precisely examined by means of cyclic light stimuli and an automatic measuring device. This new procedure is carried out during the period of adaptation as part of the usual EOG-test. Normal values and some clinical findings are presented. The fast oscillation may provide additional information when compared with EOG and ERG results.
Subject(s)
Electrooculography/methods , Retina/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Aged , Cornea , Electrooculography/instrumentation , Electroretinography , Humans , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Quinine/poisoning , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Retinal Vein , Retinitis Pigmentosa/diagnosisABSTRACT
A summary is given of the common methods of treating glaucoma medically, beginning with the introduction of pilocarpine over 100 years ago and ending, for the time being, with the application of the beta-blocker Timolol Maleat (Chibro-Timoptol). The authors have been using Chibro-Timoptol for over a year and have treated more than 300 patients by this method so far. Timolol proved to have significant advantages over all other pressure-lowering drugs used in the past. It was just as effective or more effective than the substances used previously. For a newly diagnosed glaucoma, the authors therefore recommend using Timolol in all initial attempts at pressure regulation.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/drug therapy , Propanolamines/therapeutic use , Timolol/therapeutic use , Acetazolamide/adverse effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Humans , Pilocarpine/adverse effects , Timolol/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In addition to eye clinics and ophthalmic wards under the supervision of a senior hospital surgeon, wards where patients are treated by their own, non-resident physicians, play an important part in the treatment of eye conditions in Germany. This is a very old tradition which was introduced by von Graefe. Especially in the present situation, now that the number of hospital beds is no longer being increased without very careful thought, there is much talk about the efficiency of differently run wards. In such discussions ophthalmic wards with treatment by non-resident physicians are also being subjected to critical examination. While reports from eye clinics and ophthalmic wards under the management of hospital surgeons frequently appear on the various journals and at conferences, information on wards where beds are available to non-resident physicians is rather scanty. Yet a large proportion of in-patient ophthalmic treatment is administered in such wards. This report covers more than 20 years' experience in a ward of this kind in a large West German city, taking cataract operations as an example.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Cataract Extraction , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthetics, Local , Germany, West , History, 20th Century , Hospitals, Special/history , Humans , Intraoperative Complications , Length of StaySubject(s)
Photoreceptor Cells/physiology , Electrooculography , Female , Humans , Light , Visual PerceptionSubject(s)
Electroretinography/methods , Evoked Potentials , Retina/physiology , Electric Stimulation , HumansABSTRACT
Saccadic human eye movements in different directions were recorded by an infrared technique. Disturbances by movements of the eyelids are prevented by means of a plaster pulling down the lower lid. The peak values of the velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and the duration of the saccades were drawn in a direction diagram. Each eye has its specific diagram. The shape of the diagram is independent of the saccadic amplitude. There are directions in which the values are equal for eccentric and centric saccades and those, in which significant differences are to be found. In the latter case centric saccades are faster than the eccentric ones.
Subject(s)
Eye Movements , Saccades , Adult , Humans , Methods , Ocular Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
The EOG test is divided into two parts: a light and a dark test. The adaptation period is extended to 30 min. During this adaptation period the luminance in the cabin decreases (or increases) slowly to the starting value of the light or dark step. In a model, we studied the influence of this ramplike luminance course on the results. Standard values for the test were calculated with 30 test persons. Our test results show a lower relative standard deviation (V = 10%) compared with earlier published results.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Ocular , Electrooculography/methods , Dark Adaptation , Humans , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Three out of 18 healthy persons investigated with the DC-ERG do not show a c-wave. By varying the adaptation levels and intensities of the stimuli four components in the human ERG can be isolated, the cone and rod late receptor potentials, the positive DC response, and a c-wave in most subjects. It is suggested that investigation of these components reveals a more detailed understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms in some retinal diseases.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography , Retina/physiology , Action Potentials , Dark Adaptation , Humans , Photoreceptor Cells/physiologyABSTRACT
The dependence of the human c-wave from the step amplitude was studied qualitatively. The maximum of the c-wave is achieved with light stimuli longer than 10 sec. After a dark period of 10 sec a fully developed c-wave appears. Also, in response to a brilliant photoflash a c-wave could be recorded. The influence of a mobile pupil on the response in the DC-ERG is demonstrated. Responses of the retinal potential to square wave and sinusoidal stimuli of different period times have been registered.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography/methods , Retina/physiology , Action Potentials , Dark Adaptation , Humans , Photic Stimulation/methods , Pupil , Reflex, Pupillary , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We developed a technique for DC-coupled ERG recording of the alert human. The equipment consists of three units: a new cornea suction glass, a separate electrode, and a vacuum control device. We get stable recordings of more than one-half hour. By comparison with the EOG the identity of the EOG "on"-peak and ERG c-wave is assured. A fine structure of DC-ERG recording of 100 muV amplitude is closely correlated to the variation of the blood pressure in the ophthalmic artery. It may either be caused by the variable electric conductivity of the eyeball due to the blood pressure or it may reflect a variation of the retinal potential itself.
