Subject(s)
Concept Formation , Decision Making , Problem Solving , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Verbal BehaviorABSTRACT
The relationship between the immunograms and aminotransferases, gamma-GT and AP were examined in 715 patients with hepatobiliary diseases closely confirmed by histomorphological criteria and a series of 60 normal subjects. The normal subjects showed positive relationships. These are largely lacking in acute and protracted courses and in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Only relationships of the individual immunoglobulins between themselves can be demonstrated in the aggressive chronic types. Positive relationships are present between immunograms and aminotransferases, gamma-GT and AP in the group with fatty livers, and so are other highly significant positive relationships in toxic hepatitis and toxic cirrhoses of the liver.
Subject(s)
Immunoglobulins/analysis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adult , Age Factors , Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Liver Diseases/enzymology , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Transaminases/metabolism , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolismABSTRACT
715 patients with hepatobiliary diseases came for examination, who because of the morphological findings are classified in diagnostic groups. The immunoglobulin measurements of IGG, IGA, IGM were determined and assessed in combination with enzymatic investigations of GOT, GPT, AP and GGTP. Typical group-specific changes were only found in primary biliary liver diseases and toxic cirrhoses of the liver, all acute or chronic inflammatory liver diseases could not be separated and by inference from the final diagnosis showed great errors in classification. Data on the raised mean levels of immunoglobulins in the individual diagnostic groups were demonstrable, but the range limits were so widely scattered that their differential diagnostic valence is of no consequence. Immunoglobulins may appear to be of interest for the observation of the course of liver diseases, but they are unsuitable for diagnostic purposes.
Subject(s)
Immunoglobulins/analysis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Liver Diseases/enzymology , Male , Middle Aged , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
In the present empirical study including about 400young mothers from variously structured regions and different social strata, it to could be shown that, in comparison with mothers from the middle and upper strata, mothers of the basic stratum - subjectively know less about possible problems of pregnancy and acquire their information more frequently from mass communication media; - are less frequently under the care of gynecologists than of general practitioners at the beginning and during pregnancy; - are to a lesser extent convinced of the efficiency of public maternity care and have not sufficiently adopted the idea of preventive medical examination in the sense of a norm of behaviorism. The regional differences demonstrated were of less importance than the social differences.
