The Burden of Urinary Incontinence on Caregivers and Evaluation of Its Impact on Their Emotional Status.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate caregivers of children with urinary incontinence in terms of the caregiving burden and its associated manifestations. Methods: Caregivers of children who are being treated for urinary incontinence secondary to neurogenic and non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) were evaluated for caregiver burden (Zarit score), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]). Additionally, children were evaluated for dysfunctional voiding score. All scores were statistically analyzed for correlation with and relation to the caregiver's emotional status. Results: Zarit score was equal in caregivers of children with neurogenic and non-neurogenic LUTD. BDI score was higher in caregivers of patients with neurogenic LUTD, whereas BAI score was higher in caregivers of patients with non-neurogenic LUTD. In the evaluation performed, considering the etiological difference, Zarit score in the group with non-neurogenic LUTD correlated positively with BAI and BDI scores. In the neurogenic bladder group, Zarit score correlated with BDI score. Conclusion: It is important not only in psychiatric patients, but also in those with other chronic disease processes, to evaluate the mental status of caregivers and to support them in dealing with the problem.

A probable case of pregabalin - related reversible hearing loss.

Pregabalin and gabapentin are similar compounds with analgesic, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic characteristics. Due to these pharmacological features, they are commonly used throughout the world in neuropathic pain treatment and anxiety disorders. Mild to moderate side effects of the central nervous system, such as dizziness and somnolence, are important factors in deciding to terminate the use of pregabalin. Studies have also reported that the use of dose-dependent pregabalin resulted in peripheral edema and weight gain. Described in this case report is hearing loss occurring after an increase in the drug dose of a patient using pregabalin.In this case, we wanted to present the occuring hearing-loss after an increase in the drug dose of the patient already using pregabalin.

A probable case of movement disorder (Tardive dyskinesia) due to duloxetine treatment.

Tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia are caused by dopamine receptor blocking agents, mostly antipsychotics and sometimes antidepressants or calcium channel blockers. Duloxetine is a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia, as well as major depression. In this case, we aimed to discuss the tardive dyskinesia-like appearance of a patient using duloxetine due to fibromyalgia.