ABSTRACT
Accurate detection of low-level radioactivity is critical in decommissioning. However, commercial sources used for calibration lack representativeness due to their flat surface. The objective of this work is to produce flexible and large area surface sources for alpha and beta emitters by functionalising aluminium foil. Functionalisation strategies were developed to provide these sources. The manganese oxide coated sample shows the highest fixation yield for 241Am: (70.0 ± 2.6)% and conforms to ISO 8769 for uniformity (92%).
ABSTRACT
Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors but rarely seen in adolescent males. There is no indication for surgery both in micro- and macro-adenomas unless an urgent treatment is necessary. First line treatment is always medical with dopamine agonists. In this report, we presented a patient with pubertal arrest and giant prolactinoma that disappeared in a short time with cabergoline treatment.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use , Ergolines/therapeutic use , Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prolactinoma/drug therapy , Cabergoline , Humans , Male , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Prolactinoma/complications , Prolactinoma/pathology , Puberty, Delayed/etiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether the presence of Hürthle cells altered the distribution of categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, or the expected neoplastic and malignant outcome. METHODS: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology reports of Hürthle cells in a 2-year period were evaluated. The distribution of Bethesda system categories and the outcome at partial or complete thyroidectomy were compared for FNAs with and without Hürthle cells. RESULTS: Of 895 adequate FNAs with Hürthle cells, 764 (85.4%) were classified as benign, 86 (9.6%) as atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 32 (3.6%) as follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 12 (1.3%) as suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and one (0.1%) as malignant. Of 10 359 adequate FNAs without Hürthle cells, 9707 (93.7%) were classified as benign, 412 (4.0%) as AUS/FLUS, 77 (0.7%) as FN/SFN, 93 (0.9%) as SFM and 70 (0.7%) as malignant. The distribution of categories in FNAs with and without Hürthle cells was significantly different (P < 0.001) as a result of a decrease in benign and an increase in AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories. Among 128 patients with and 582 without Hürthle cells undergoing surgery, the overall neoplastic and malignancy rates were higher in the former than in the latter group (27.3% versus 14.9%, P < 0.001; 21.1% versus 11.7%, P = 0.003; respectively). Although neoplastic and malignant rates were higher in the group with than without Hürthle cells in all categories, the differences were only significant for a neoplastic outcome of benign cytology (15.1% versus 6.0%, P = 0.0013) and a malignant outcome of FN/SFN cytology (63.6% versus 21.9%, P = 0.0108). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the rates of AUS/FLUS and FN/SFN categories in the Bethesda system were higher when Hürthle cells were present. After surgery, neoplastic and malignant outcomes were significantly higher in the Hürthle cell group.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Cytodiagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxyphil Cells/pathology , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Nodule/pathologyABSTRACT
Occupationally-exposed lead affects the neuromuscular junction and might cause disturbances in the locomotor activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate pteridine metabolism, in which neurotransmitters are synthesized in battery workers. Urinary neopterin, biopterin and creatinine were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Serum neopterin concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Blood dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) activities and deltaaminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) were measured spectrophotometrically. Blood and urinary lead were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Significantly increased blood and urinary lead levels, urinary neopterin, biopterin and delta-ALA were found in workers, while DHPR activities were indifferent compared to control group. Urinary creatinine decreased. This is the first study to demonstrate that increased activity of the pteridine pathway results in the accumulation of the neurotransmitters that may be responsible for the neurological disorders.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Biopterins/urine , Lead/toxicity , Occupational Exposure , Pteridines/metabolism , Adult , Air Pollutants, Occupational/blood , Air Pollutants, Occupational/urine , Aminolevulinic Acid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/urine , Biopterins/metabolism , Creatinine/urine , Dihydropteridine Reductase/blood , Dihydropteridine Reductase/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Lead/blood , Lead/urine , Male , Neopterin/blood , Neopterin/metabolism , Neopterin/urine , Neuromuscular Junction Diseases/blood , Neuromuscular Junction Diseases/metabolism , Neuromuscular Junction Diseases/urine , Pteridines/blood , Pteridines/urineABSTRACT
High resolution CT (HRCT; 1-2 mm collimation scans reconstructed with a high spatial frequency algorithm) is an established technique for the evaluation of diffuse infiltrative lung diseases. For many of these diseases, the features shown on HRCT correlate well with the histopathological abnormalities. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate HRCT appearances in various diffuse infiltrative lung diseases.
