ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with birth weight, weight gain from birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling, yearling height and cow weight in Nelore cattle. Data from 5064 animals participating in the DeltaGen and PAINT breeding programs were used. The animals were genotyped with a panel of 777 962 SNPs (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip) and 412 993 SNPs remained after quality control analysis of the genomic data. A genome-wide association study was performed using a single-step methodology. The analyses were processed with the BLUPF90 family of programs. When applied to a genome-wide association studies, the single-step GBLUP methodology is an iterative process that estimates weights for the SNPs. The weights of SNPs were included in all analyses by iteratively applying the single-step GBLUP methodology and repeated twice so that the effect of the SNP and the effect of the animal were recalculated in order to increase the weight of SNPs with large effects and to reduce the weight of those with small effects. The genome-wide association results are reported based on the proportion of variance explained by windows of 50 adjacent SNPs. Considering the two iterations, only windows with an additive genetic variance >1.5% were presented in the results. Associations were observed with birth weight on BTA 14, with weight gain from birth to weaning on BTA 5 and 29, with weight gain from weaning to yearling on BTA 11, and with yearling height on BTA 8, showing the genes TMEM68 (transmembrane protein 8B) associated with birth weight and yearling height, XKR4 (XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family, member 4) associated with birth weight, NPR2 (natriuretic peptide receptor B) associated with yearling height, and REG3G (regenerating islet-derived 3-gamma) associated with weight gain from weaning to yearling. These genes play an important role in feed intake, weight gain and the regulation of skeletal growth.
Subject(s)
Breeding , Cattle , Genome-Wide Association Study , Animals , Body Weight , Cattle/genetics , Cattle/growth & development , Female , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Weaning , Weight GainABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to identify associations between known polymorphisms in genes related to adipose tissue and sexual precocity in Nellore cattle. A total of 1689 precocious and non-precocious heifers belonging to farms participating in Conexão Delta G breeding program were studied. SNPs from the Illumina High-Density Bovine SNP BeadChip were used. This chip contains 777,000 SNPs located within the region of the candidate genes at a distance of up to 5 kb, considering that linkage disequilibrium (LD) exists at this distance. Linear models were used for statistical analysis. The fastPHASE and GenomeStudio programs were used for haplotype reconstruction and LD analysis based on r2 statistics. Fifty-seven candidate genes and 443 SNPs were analyzed: among the latter, 370 SNPs formed 83 haplotypes, while the remaining SNPs were studied separately. Statistical analysis showed that only three haplotypes, one haplotype consisting of two SNPs located in the FABP4 gene and two haplotypes consisting of four and two SNPs located in the PPP3CA gene, had a significant effect on sexual precocity at P < 0.05. It can be concluded that the FABP4 and PPP3CA genes influence sexual precocity and may therefore be used in selection programs designed to improve sexual precocity in Nellore cattle.
Subject(s)
Cattle/genetics , Genetic Association Studies , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Puberty, Precocious/genetics , Animals , Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , DNA/isolation & purification , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotyping Techniques , Haplotypes , Male , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
The effect of melatonin during in vitro maturation (IVM) on DNA damage of cumulus cells (CCs) from bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and embryo development was evaluated. COCs from abattoir ovaries were cultured in maturation medium (MM) with 0.5µg/ml FSH and 5.0µg/ml LH (FSH-LH); 10(-9)M melatonin (MEL) or FSH-LH+MEL (FSH-LH-MEL). After 24h of in vitro maturation, the CCs surrounding the oocyte were subjected to DNA analysis by Comet assay. After in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture, the embryo development rates were evaluated on day 2 post insemination (cleavage) and days 7-8 (blastocyst). The percentage of CCs with no DNA damage was significantly superior in MEL group (37.6±2.4) than in FSH-LH-MEL (28.0±2.4) and FSH-LH (17.8±2.41) groups. Cleavage and blastocysts rates were similar among groups. Melatonin during IVM protects the CCs from DNA damage but this effect did not influence embryo development in vitro.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cumulus Cells/physiology , DNA Damage/drug effects , Embryonic Development/drug effects , Fertilization in Vitro/veterinary , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary , Melatonin/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Cattle , Cells, Cultured , Comet Assay/veterinary , Culture Media , Embryo Culture Techniques/veterinary , In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/methods , Melatonin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos. Reticuloperitonite. Reticulopericardite. Corpo estranho.
ABSTRACT
Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos. Reticuloperitonite. Reticulopericardite. Corpo estranho.
ABSTRACT
Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11 animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.
To determine the prevalence of metallic foreign bodies in animals from flocks in the region of Araçatuba-Brazil, to verify the presence of animals with traumatic peritonitis and if there a correlation between the presence of clinical signs with a positive result on the metal detector exam. 138 adult dairy cows from four farms were used: 48 animals from property 1 with 24 found positive on the metal detector exam, 32 animals from property 2, with no positive results, 28 animals in property 3, with 3 positives and 30 animals in property 4, with 7 animals positive. Blood of 11 positive animals was collected for the hemogram, however none of them showed any changes. We can conclude that the use of the metal detector as an auxiliary diagnostic test is of extreme importance, since it allows an earlier diagnosis which diminishes the expenses and improves the possibility of success of the treatmente and that anials from properties with good management practices have a minor incidence og ingestion of metallic foreign bodies, therefore a lesser probability of occurrence of the disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Pericardium/injuries , Peritoneum/injuries , Reticulum/injuries , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Metals/analysis , Pericarditis/veterinary , Peritonitis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos. Reticuloperitonite. Reticulopericardite. Corpo estranho.
ABSTRACT
The serum protein profile from 15 newborn calves and 15 newborn kids submitted to natural suckling of colostrum. Animals were studied from birth to 60 days of age. The gana glutamyl transferase activity was higher in calves than in kids, but, in both species, the serum levels were higher in the first days of life. The total serum protein levels had no difference in relation to species and age. The albumin was the predominant fraction in the serum after the consumption of the colostrums, whereas increased levels occurred in calves from 48 hours after the colostrum intake and in kids after 15 days of age. Higher values of alpha globulin fraction in calves were observed at 24 hours of life, but in goats no significant changes were observed from 24 hours of age to 60 days of age. The beta globulin levels had no difference between species and age. At 24 of life, the gamaglobulins levels in calves and kids were 1.76 ± 0.92 g/L and 1.13 ± 1.24 g/L ( p = 0.3150), respectively. Lower values were observed at 30 days of age in calves and around 9 days of age in kids. The determination of serum protein profile and GGT are excellent indicators of passive immunity transfer in calves and kids. Colostrums from cattle had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than that from goats. KEY-WORDS: calves, caprine, protein profile, colostrum, passive immunity
ABSTRACT
The serum protein profile from 15 newborn calves and 15 newborn kids submitted to natural suckling of colostrum. Animals were studied from birth to 60 days of age. The gana glutamyl transferase activity was higher in calves than in kids, but, in both species, the serum levels were higher in the first days of life. The total serum protein levels had no difference in relation to species and age. The albumin was the predominant fraction in the serum after the consumption of the colostrums, whereas increased levels occurred in calves from 48 hours after the colostrum intake and in kids after 15 days of age. Higher values of alpha globulin fraction in calves were observed at 24 hours of life, but in goats no significant changes were observed from 24 hours of age to 60 days of age. The beta globulin levels had no difference between species and age. At 24 of life, the gamaglobulins levels in calves and kids were 1.76 ± 0.92 g/L and 1.13 ± 1.24 g/L ( p = 0.3150), respectively. Lower values were observed at 30 days of age in calves and around 9 days of age in kids. The determination of serum protein profile and GGT are excellent indicators of passive immunity transfer in calves and kids. Colostrums from cattle had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than that from goats. KEY-WORDS: calves, caprine, protein profile, colostrum, passive immunity
ABSTRACT
The serum protein profile from 15 newborn calves and 15 newborn kids submitted to natural suckling of colostrum. Animals were studied from birth to 60 days of age. The gana glutamyl transferase activity was higher in calves than in kids, but, in both species, the serum levels were higher in the first days of life. The total serum protein levels had no difference in relation to species and age. The albumin was the predominant fraction in the serum after the consumption of the colostrums, whereas increased levels occurred in calves from 48 hours after the colostrum intake and in kids after 15 days of age. Higher values of alpha globulin fraction in calves were observed at 24 hours of life, but in goats no significant changes were observed from 24 hours of age to 60 days of age. The beta globulin levels had no difference between species and age. At 24 of life, the gamaglobulins levels in calves and kids were 1.76 ± 0.92 g/L and 1.13 ± 1.24 g/L ( p = 0.3150), respectively. Lower values were observed at 30 days of age in calves and around 9 days of age in kids. The determination of serum protein profile and GGT are excellent indicators of passive immunity transfer in calves and kids. Colostrums from cattle had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than that from goats. KEY-WORDS: calves, caprine, protein profile, colostrum, passive immunity
ABSTRACT
The authors report the incidence of dementia in a community-dwelling Brazilian population. In 1997, 1656 individuals aged 65 years or more, the majority being of very low educational level, were screened at their homes in Catanduva, Brazil, and dementia was diagnosed in 118 cases. The remaining 1538 individuals were rescreened 3.25 years later applying a health questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ). According to PFAQ and MMSE scores, selected subjects were submitted to clinical, neurologic, and cognitive evaluations. The subjects diagnosed with dementia underwent laboratory tests and brain computed tomography. A total of 1119 individuals were rescreened and 50 incident cases of dementia (28 with Alzheimer disease [AD]) were identified. The incidence rate of dementia was 13.8 and of AD was 7.7 per 1000 person-years for individuals aged 65 years or older. The incidence rates of dementia almost doubled with every 5 years of age. There was no difference according to gender, but women had a higher incidence of dementia, predominantly AD, in very old age. There was a trend for higher incidence of dementia in illiterates (p = 0.07), but multivariate analysis disclosed significant association only between age and higher incidence of dementia. The incidence rates of dementia in this Brazilian community are comparable to those reported in Western and Asian studies.