ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine cell (NEC) carcinoma is occasionally accompanied by adenocarcinoma but the relationship between these two morphologically distinct tumours is unclear. Two hypotheses have arisen regarding the mechanism for the association of adenocarcinoma and NEC carcinoma. One is that both are derived from a common multipotential epithelial stem cell. The second hypothesis is that adenocarcinoma and NEC carcinoma arise from a multipotential epithelial stem cell and a primitive NEC, respectively. AIMS: To elucidate the relationship between the two histologically distinct tumours, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and NEC carcinoma of the duodenum. PATIENT/METHODS: We present a case in which the tumour extended across the pyloric ring, the gastric portion of which revealed adenocarcinoma while the duodenal portion showed argyrophil NEC carcinoma. The two histologically distinct lesions of the tumour were examined by immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis of p53. RESULTS: The gastric region was negative for chromogranin A staining but positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining. In contrast, the duodenal region was positive for chromogranin A but negative for CEA. All tumour regions showed a point mutation in p53 gene at exon 7 (GGC (glycine)-->GTC (valine) at codon 245). The distal portion of the duodenal tumour showed an additional point mutation in p53 gene at exon 5 (GCC (alanine)-->GTC (valine) at codon 129). CONCLUSIONS: The two histologically distinct tumours, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and NEC carcinoma of the duodenum, appear to be derived from a common epithelial cell.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology , Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery , Duodenal Neoplasms/genetics , Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Genes, p53/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The classification of gastritis by using the revised Sydney system suggests that there are two types of Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis. The aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors that might be involved in the presence of either atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric corpus of Japanese patients. METHODS: Biopsy samples were obtained from the gastric corpus in 154 patients with dyspepsia, and the degree of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia was determined histologically. The correlation between several variables and presence of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia was evaluated by using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among the 11 variables, which included age, peptic ulcer diseases and H. pylori infection, H. pylori infection was the major risk factor associated with the presence of atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric corpus. In contrast, duodenal ulcer (DU) disease reduced the risk of contracting both conditions. Age was an independent risk factor only for intestinal metaplasia of the gastric corpus. When 128 H. pylori-positive subjects were analyzed, DU and age were similarly associated with the presence of both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DU reduces the risk for contracting atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and age is an independent risk factor for intestinal metaplasia of the gastric corpus in dyspeptic Japanese patients.
Subject(s)
Duodenal Ulcer/pathology , Dyspepsia/pathology , Gastritis, Atrophic/pathology , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Helicobacter pylori , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Duodenal Ulcer/complications , Duodenal Ulcer/microbiology , Dyspepsia/etiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Gastritis, Atrophic/complications , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Humans , Japan , Logistic Models , Male , Metaplasia , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radioimmunoassay , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Ingested foreign bodies can be hard to diagnose but cannot be missed. We report two cases where helical computed tomography (three-dimensional computed tomography) was used for the effective preoperative diagnosis (swallowed fish bone-induced perforation of sigmoid colon and a case of ileus caused by ingested PTP [press-through package]). Other traditional diagnostic methods could not identify the foreign bodies. Three-dimensional computed tomography is useful for the diagnosis of foreign body ingestion and should be used for the difficult cases.
Subject(s)
Colon, Sigmoid , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Ileum , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Aged , Animals , Bone and Bones , Colectomy , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Packaging , Female , Fever/etiology , Fishes , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Inflammation , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The elevated expression of the norA gene is responsible for efflux-mediated resistance to quinolones in Staphylococcus aureus (E.Y.W. Ng, M. Trucksis, and D.C. Hooper, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1345-1355, 1994). For S. aureus transformed with a plasmid containing the cloned norA gene, SA113(pTUS20) (H. Yoshida, M. Bogaki, S. Nakamura, K. Ubukata, and M. Konno, J. Bacteriol. 172:6942-6949, 1990), and an overexpressed mutant, SA-1199B (G.W. Kaatz, S.M. Seo, and C.A. Ruble, J. Infect. Dis. 163:1080-1086, 1991), the MICs of norfloxacin increased 16 and 64 times compared with its MICs for the recipient and wild-type strains, SA113 and SA-1199, respectively. MICs of CS-940, however, increased only two and eight times, even though these two fluoroquinolones are similarly hydrophilic (apparent logPs of approximately -1). No good correlation was found, among 15 developed and developing quinolones, between the increment ratio in MICs and hydrophobicity (r = 0.61). Analysis of the quantitative structure-activity relationship among 40 fluoroquinolones revealed that the MIC increment ratio was significantly correlated with the bulkiness of the C-7 substituent and bulkiness and hydrophobicity of the C-8 substituent of fluoroquinolones (r = 0.87) and not with its molecular hydrophobicity (r = 0.47). Cellular accumulation of norfloxacin in SA-1199B was significantly lower than that in SA-1199, and it was increased by addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. On the other hand, accumulations of CS-940 in these strains were nearly identical, and they were not affected by addition of the protonophore.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/physiology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Fluoroquinolones , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone/pharmacology , DNA Gyrase , DNA Topoisomerase IV , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins , Norfloxacin/chemistry , Norfloxacin/metabolism , Norfloxacin/pharmacology , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperazines/metabolism , Piperazines/pharmacology , Point Mutation , Quinolones/chemistry , Quinolones/metabolism , Quinolones/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
This article emphasizes the advantages of using a luminescence spectrometer based on photon counting techniques for the detection of lipid peroxidation. An overview is presented of how chemiluminescence can be stimulated in the luminol-cytochrome c heme peptide system as an assay for lipid hydroperoxides. This method is used for finding antioxidant drugs. The specificity and advantages of the chemiluminescent method for detecting lipid hydroperoxides is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxides/analysis , Animals , Cytochrome c Group/analysis , Heme/analysis , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/analysis , Lipid Peroxides/metabolism , Luminescent Measurements , Peptides/analysisABSTRACT
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) was demonstrated in a patient who underwent surgical thromboexclusion by blood flow reversal for dissecting aortic aneurysm. Large clots in the descending thoracic aorta and extra-anatomic bypass grafting might have been causative factors of the consumption coagulopathy. Low-dose heparin together with fresh-frozen plasma was effective; however, extreme caution should be adopted with such patients to minimize the development of DIC, because the factors responsible for the coagulation abnormalities are not removed in patients who undergo the surgical treatment of thromboexclusion.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm/surgery , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated AlbuminABSTRACT
A convenient assay specific to lipid hydroperoxide in plasma is presented. Cytochrome c heme peptide obtained from Saccharomyces was found to emit a strong chemiluminescence with any hydroperoxide, but not with TBA-reactive substances. The benefit of measuring this luminescence using photon counting is discussed with respect to in vivo lipid peroxidation.
