Evaluating macro- and micronutrients and food groups intake with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: Is there any association?

Growing clinical evidence represented that certain dietary components are involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development and progression. This research, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether there exists any relationship between nutrients and IBD. This case-control study from 2017 to 2019 was performed on 145 newly diagnosed IBD patients and 145 BMI-, sex-, and age-matched healthy controls who were recruited from a hospital clinic. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire was completed by each participant. Anthropometric measurements and physical activity levels were measured for all participants. Stata software was used to analyze all data. Of the 234 study individuals who participated, 112 were IBD patients and 122 were healthy people. The higher amount of seafood and cholesterol was related to an increased risk of IBD and ulcerative colitis development; however, individuals who had a higher intake of calcium were less likely to have Crohn's compared to the healthy group. There was a positive relation between honey and jam, seafood, organ meats, salt, fruits on trees, fruit juice, olives, and nuts and the probability of IBD, but there was a negative association between refined grains, potatoes, salty snacks, legumes, dairy, and cruciferous and the probability of IBD. Higher consumption of seafood and cholesterol was positively connected with a higher risk of IBD development in the current case-control study. A substantial association was seen between honey and jam, seafood, organmeats, salt, fruit on trees, fruit juice, olives, and nut consumption and IBD developement.

Inflammatory biomarkers response to two dosages of vitamin D supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the effects of two dosages of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Fifty mild to moderate active UC patients were randomly assigned to consume either 2000 or 1000 IU/day vitamin D for 12 weeks. Inflammatory biomarkers, disease activity, quality of life, anthropometric indices, dietary intakes, and physical activity were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. RESULTS: Serum level of hs-CRP decreased in both groups at the end of study, but the changes were not significantly different within and between groups. Serum level of TNF-α in the high dose group was reduced at the end of the study non-significantly (P-value = 0.289). In the low dose group, a significant increase in serum TNF-α concentration was observed (p ≤ 0.001). The changes in serum TNF-α were significantly different between two groups (p = 0.005); however, after adjusting for the effect of confounders, the significance effect was disappeared (p = 0.162). Activity of NF-κB increased in both groups while this increase was significant in the low dose group compared to the baseline (p ≤ 0.001), and to high dose group (p = 0.006). After adjustment for confounders, the difference between groups remained statistically significant (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that 12 weeks supplementation with 2000 IU/day vitamin D prevents from systematic inflammation, while decreasing disease activity in patients with mild to moderate active UC. Further studies are needed to find the optimum dosage and duration of supplementation. This Trial was registered at IRCT.ir with number of IRCT 20100524004010N22.

The effects of two vitamin D regimens on ulcerative colitis activity index, quality of life and oxidant/anti-oxidant status.

BACKGROUND: The optimum dosage for vitamin D supplementation has not yet been elucidated in patients with Ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two vitamin D regimens in UC patients with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with mild to moderate UC, who met inclusion criteria, received either 1000 or 2000 IU/day of vitamin D (as low dose or high dose group, respectively) for 12 weeks. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Total Oxidant Status (TOS), the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire - 9 (IBDQ-9) score and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index Questionnaire (SCCAI) score were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS: At the end of study, serum 25-OHD levels significantly increased in the high dose group (P < 0.001) and the increase was significantly more than low dose group (6.7 ± 3.8 ng/mL in the high dose group versus 0.2 ± 0.5 ng/mL in the low dose group) (P < 0.001). Serum TOS concentration decreased significantly (- 0.37 ± 0.26) only in the high dose group (P value = 0.023). There was no statistically significant change in serum TAC between two groups during the study. IBDQ-9 mean score significantly increased in high dose group compared to the low dose group (P value = 0.001) and SCCAI score in both groups reduced (- 2.58 ± 2.16 and - 0.9 ± 0.3 in high dose and low dose respectively), while this reduction was significant only in the high dose group (P value ≥0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that 2000 IU daily dose of vitamin D can increase serum 25-OHD concentration, and quality of life, while it reduces disease activity in UC patients with vitamin D deficiency. We recommend assessment of the vitamin D status in all patients with UC because they may benefit from vitamin D therapy.