ABSTRACT
Replacement of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery is extremely rare. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the incidence of this anomaly of circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Two such patients were identified from 850 adults undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery was replaced by a vessel arising from the right aortic sinus. The course of this vessel was retroaortic. A knowledge of this anomaly is important for coronary artery bypass surgery.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
This study was carried out on 779 male and 755 female 7-11 years old children, who are students of the primary schools in Diyarbakir city center and center connected areas. The average values of lower and upper extremity lengths of children in center and rural primary schools have been compared, and the results have been analyzed with the Student t-test. The relation between lower and upper extremity length averages and height is shown by correlation coefficients. It is observed that in the 11 years old boy's group and in the 9 years old girl's group of the center primary schools the total arm lengths are longer (p < 0.01). Upper and lower extremity lengths are increasing parallel to height. Iliospinal heights are obviously longer in the 11 year old group of boys and the 7, 9 and 11 year group of girls in the center primary school.
Subject(s)
Arm/anatomy & histology , Child Development/physiology , Leg/anatomy & histology , Rural Population , Urban Population , Anthropometry , Body Height/physiology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Reference Values , TurkeyABSTRACT
From the first day of birth to the fifth day, daily subcutaneous 100 micrograms tamoxifen (Tx) was injected into new-born male rats. The penises that were taken totally were fixated in 10% formaline, and then they were put in paraffin inclusion. The paraffin sections were stained with Hematoxylen-Eosin, Verhoeff and Triple on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 60. The alterations in the development of glans penis construction were examined. We found that in the glans penis of animals which were given Tx, from the 21st day, the epidermal projections were erased slowly and on the 60th day the epidermal projections and keratinisation completely ceased altogether. As a result, the development of epidermal projections in rats which were given tamoxifen in the neonatal period were hindered.
