ABSTRACT
The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was measured in 424 Japanese students using a Japanese version of the Maudsley Obsession-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI-J). Six students (1.7%) of 350 interviewed students were diagnosed as OCD according to DSM-III-R. When the cut-off point of the MOCI-J was 12, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 96%. Our results suggest that individuals with OCD are not rare among the young Japanese population and that the MOCI-J is a useful tool for screening OCD.
Subject(s)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology , Personality Inventory , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Prevalence , StudentsABSTRACT
We investigated the effects of sex, age and body shape on self-body image estimated by our Self-Rating Body Image (SRBI) test in 687 adolescents. Three factors were derived from the 20 items of the SRBI by using a factor analysis. They were interpreted as the images of "body shape," "face" and "visceral organ." Scores of these images in the females were significantly higher than those in the males. There was a significantly negative correlation between the body shape and "body shape" image for the female adolescents 13 years of age (middle) and 18 years of age (late), while no correlation was found for the male and female adolescents 10 years of age (early) and late male adolescents. Our results suggest that a female adolescent wants to be thinner and that the body image showed critical changes during the early and middle periods of adolescence, leading to unsatisfactory images of self-body.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Psychology, Adolescent , Self-Assessment , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Face , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , SomatotypesABSTRACT
The Self-Rating Body Image (SRBI) test was used to determine whether the patients with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia showed their body image disturbance or not. The SRBI was completed by 120 subjects who consisted of 30 low weight (LW) controls, 30 normal weight (NW) controls, 30 high weight (HW) controls, 18 anorexic patients (AN) and 12 bulimic patients (BN). The AN group had a significantly greater dissatisfaction with the scales of the body shape, visceral organ and face image of the SRBI than the weight-matched LW group. The BN group had a significantly greater dissatisfaction with the visceral organ image shape than the weight-matched NW group. However, no significant difference in the body shape and face images between the BN and NW groups was found. Our results suggest that the anorexic patients may disturb more parts of the body image than the bulimic patients though both the anorexic and bulimic patients showed the disturbance of body image.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent , Self-Assessment , Somatotypes , Adolescent , Adult , Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Body Height , Body Weight , Bulimia/epidemiology , Face , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/psychology , VisceraABSTRACT
The effectiveness of a psychiatric day care program was assessed in terms of the outcome at discharge for 79 clients. One-third of the clients were employed, either full-time or part-time (in case of students, at school), during the postprogram period of three months or more. Another one-third left the program prematurely with or without exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. Clients having premature termination were significantly less adherent to outpatient clinic visits and/or psychotropic medication. Family's understanding of and cooperation in the program were significantly less favorable in clients with early termination. The possible strategies for reducing the dropouts were discussed.
Subject(s)
Day Care, Medical , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Patient Discharge , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/rehabilitation , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Depressive Disorder/rehabilitation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/psychology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Rehabilitation, Vocational , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Schizophrenic Psychology , Sheltered WorkshopsABSTRACT
This is a report on six psychiatric patients who indulged in excessive ingestion of water and subsequently developed tonic-clonic seizures in the course of the underlying mental disorders. On the basis of the DSM-III criteria, they were diagnosed as follows: schizophrenic disorder, 4; schizo-affective disorder, 1; borderline personality disorder, 1. The levels of serum electrolytes were estimated during five episodes of seizures in three patients. Hyponatremia was a consistent finding (serum sodium: mean = 120.6 mEq/liter). Plasma osmolality and plasma levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were determined during two episodes in two patients. The inappropriately high circulating levels of AVP relative to plasma hypoosmolality were documented. However, the response to the overnight fluid deprivation and acute water load during the period of no seizures in two patients revealed no evidence of the persistent SIADH, suggesting the temporal association of hyponatremic encephalopathy with inappropriate AVP secretion. It is not conclusive whether the transient SIADH is the cause or the consequence of hyponatremic encephalopathy, although a delusion or an auditory hallucination could play a critical role in drinking water excessively in three patients.
