ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the cross-cultural adaptation of the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire (EOQ) to Brazilian Portuguese and preliminarily assesses its predictive validity. The EOQ evaluates aspects of emotional outbursts (EO), including frequency, duration, intensity, types, associated behaviours, recovery time, triggers, and effectiveness of calming strategies. Two independent translators performed the translation, with subsequent synthesis and analysis revealing that only 33 items (24.81%) required revision. Among these, one item needed partial modification, and two needed total modification. The study demonstrated strong content validity and adaptation in terms of conceptual, idiomatic, and semantic aspects. The EOQ's predictive validity was assessed by analysing the interruption of mental health services in Brazil due to Covid-19 (T1) compared to when services resumed after social distancing measures were lifted (T2). Parents of 25 individuals with developmental disabilities (ASD, DS and ID), with a mean of 11 y/o, mostly male (76%), completed the EOQ. Service interruption during T1 led to increased frequency and duration of severe emotional outbursts reported by caregivers compared to T2 (frequency: p < .001; duration: p = 0.05). This suggests that the EOQ exhibits predictive validity and sensitivity to changes influenced by individual contexts. These findings highlight the EOQ's potential as an outcome measure for intervention development.
Subject(s)
Emotions , Mood Disorders , Humans , Male , Female , Brazil , Psychometrics , Allied Health PersonnelABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The affective expression of sexual behaviour in individuals with Williams syndrome can lead to risky behaviours, especially if parents do not have information on how to provide sex education or support from specialised professionals. METHOD: The Attitudes to Sexuality Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities was used to identify parental beliefs, attitudes and concerns about the sexuality and sex education of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The sample comprised 35 parents of individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age 12.8 years (SD = 4.5), 57.1% male). RESULTS: Parents believe in the possibility of marriage and sexual relationships for individuals with intellectual disability when they are older and agree with sexual reproduction in adulthood. Parents consider that sex education, in addition to parental guidance, should be provided by professionals. CONCLUSIONS: This data highlights the need for parents to have clear guidelines on interventions in respect of the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability.
ABSTRACT
O estudo investigou a linguagem escrita de crianças do 2º e 4º anos com e sem sinais de transtorno específico de aprendizagem. Objetivou comparar as escritas entre dois os grupos de alunos, de modo a verificar se a diferença entre eles seria menor nas séries iniciais e tenderia a aumentar nas séries finais, como previsto teoricamente com base no efeito Mateus. Participaram do estudo 51 professores e 1085 alunos, sendo 49 indicados com sinais compatíveis com o transtorno específico de aprendizagem. O instrumento utilizado para analisar a escrita dos alunos foi o Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE-II). A partir das análises realizadas, observou-se que o total de palavras certas no ditado do TDE-II foi maior no 4º ano do que no 2º ano para a amostra total, como esperado, e que a diferença entre os alunos com e sem queixas de dificuldades foi maior no 4º ano do que no 2º ano. Análise de post-hoc revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os alunos com queixas do 2º ano e do 4º ano, ou seja, a diferença entre eles foi tão pequena que não se mostrou significativa. Tal resultado corrobora o efeito Mateus, sugerindo que crianças com dificuldades ao início da escolarização tendem a apresentar menores ganhos e se distanciar cada vez mais dos colegas com habilidades mais desenvolvidas. Logo, estratégias e intervenções precisam ser desenvolvidas para facilitar o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita das crianças e promover avanços logo ao início da escolarização.
The study investigated writing of 2nd and 4th grade children with and without signs of the specific learning disorder, and aimed to compare the difference in writing between these two groups of students, to analyze whether the difference between them would be smaller in the early grades and would tend to increase in the final grades, as theoretically predicted by Matthew effect. 51 teachers and 1085 students participated in this study, among which 49 had signs compatible with the specific learning disorder. The instrument used to analyze the students writing was the School Performance Test (TDE-II). It was observed that, in general, the total number of correct words in the TDE-II dictation was greater in the 4th grade, compared to the 2nd grade, as expected, and the difference between students with and without complaints of difficulties was greater among the students in 4th grade than among 2nd grade students. Post-hoc tests showed that there was no statistically significant difference between 2nd grade students with complaints and 4th grade students of with complaints, that is, the difference between them was so small that it was not significant. This result corroborates the "Matthew effect": children with difficulties at the beginning of schooling tend to present lower gains and, increasingly, distance themselves from colleagues with more developed skills. Thus, strategies and interventions must be designed to facilitate children's literacy and promote advances at beginning of schooling.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify indicators of cognitive development, receptive language skills and adaptive behavioral patterns in toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS). METHODS: The sample comprised 8 children of both sex, aged between 48 and 72 months with WS. Instruments of data collection were Denver Developmental Screening Test II; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale; Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5and 6 to 18; Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS), and Behavior Problems Inventory-01. RESULTS: The major developmental impairments were associated with fine motor skills and personal care abilities. Deficits in receptive language and communication skills were reported according to the PPVT and Denver II, respectively. The caregivers reported behavioral and emotional problems associated to anxiety and depression, and attention problems scales of CBCL. CONCLUSION: The toddlers demonstrated deficits in adaptive functioning and behavioral, motor and cognitive difficulties such as inattention and hyperactivity, stereotypies and aggressive behavior.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Language Development , Social Behavior , Williams Syndrome/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Female , Humans , Infant , Intelligence Tests , Language Tests , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Williams Syndrome/geneticsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose To verify indicators of cognitive development, receptive language skills and adaptive behavioral patterns in toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS). Methods The sample comprised 8 children of both sex, aged between 48 and 72 months with WS. Instruments of data collection were Denver Developmental Screening Test II; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale; Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5and 6 to 18; Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS), and Behavior Problems Inventory-01. Results The major developmental impairments were associated with fine motor skills and personal care abilities. Deficits in receptive language and communication skills were reported according to the PPVT and Denver II, respectively. The caregivers reported behavioral and emotional problems associated to anxiety and depression, and attention problems scales of CBCL. Conclusion The toddlers demonstrated deficits in adaptive functioning and behavioral, motor and cognitive difficulties such as inattention and hyperactivity, stereotypies and aggressive behavior.
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar indicadores de desenvolvimento cognitivo, habilidades de linguagem receptiva e padrões comportamentais adaptativos em pré-escolares com Síndrome de Williams (SW). Método A amostra foi composta por 8 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 48 e 72 meses com SW. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram Denver Developmental Screening Test II; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; Escala de comportamento adaptativo Vineland; Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) para as idades 1½-5 e 6 a 18; Inventário de Problemas de Comportamento (BPI-01) e Escala de Maturidade Mental Columbia. Resultados Os principais prejuízos de desenvolvimento foram associados a habilidades motoras finas e habilidades de cuidados pessoais. Os déficits em linguagem receptiva e habilidades de comunicação foram relatados de acordo com o PPVT e Denver II, respectivamente. Os cuidadores relataram problemas comportamentais e emocionais associados às escalas de ansiedade e depressão e de problemas de atenção do CBCL. Conclusão Os pré-escolares demonstraram déficits no funcionamento adaptativo e dificuldades comportamentais, motoras e cognitivas, como desatenção e hiperatividade, estereotipias e comportamento agressivo.