Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

We studied the carriage rate, distribution of serotype, and antimicrobial profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) among patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in two primary health centres and a tertiary referral hospital from 2019 to 2020 in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia before 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction. A total of 106 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from children and adult patients. Serotyping of S. pneumoniae strain was performed by sequential multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial profile was performed by the disc diffusion method. We identified thirty-one patients carried S. pneumoniae strains (29 %). The S. pneumoniae carriage rate was found to be higher among children aged 2-5 years (13/32; 40.6 %) than in children under 1 year (8/27; 29.6 %), children and adolescents under 18 years of age (5/20; 25.0 %) and adult patients (5/27; 18.5 %). The distribution of serotypes varied, including 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 19F and 35B (two strains each) and 1, 3, 6B, 6C, 31, 9V, 15C, 16F, 17F, 23A, 35F (one strain each) and non-typeable (9/31; 29 %). We found S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (30/31; 97 %), chloramphenicol (29/31; 94 %), clindamycin (29/31; 94 %), erythromycin (22/31; 71 %), azithromycin (22/31; 71 %), tetracycline (14/31; 45 %), penicillin (11/31; 35 %), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (10/31; 32 %). This study provides supporting baseline data on distribution of serotype and antimicrobial profile of S. pneumoniae among patients with ARTI before PCV13 introduction in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Whole genome sequencing data of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Indonesian population.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Indonesia introduced the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) nationwide in 2022. In this study, we present whole genome sequence (WGS) data of 94 S. pneumoniae isolates that were obtained from hospitalized patients, healthy children, and adult groups from different regions prior to PCV program in Indonesia. DNA sequences of S. pneumoniae were obtained using the TruSeq Nano DNA kit (Illumina NovaSeq6000 Platform). The genome data of S. pneumoniae features a 1,969,562 bp to 2,741,371 bp circular chromosome with 39-40% G+C content. The genome includes 1935-3319 coding sequences (CDS), 2 to 5 rRNA genes, 43 to 49 tRNA genes, and 56 to 71 ncRNA. These data will be useful for analyzing the serotype, sequence type, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance genes, and the impact of pneumococcal vaccination in Indonesia. The FASTQ raw files of these sequences are available under BioProject accession number PRJNA995903 and Sequence Read Archive accession numbers SRR25316461-SRR25316554.

Characterization of MultidrugResistant serogroup 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from healthy children below 5 years of age in Indonesia.

We investigated the resistance genes, pilus islets, biofilm formation ability and sequence types of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP) isolated from healthy children below 5 years of age in Indonesia. In all, 104 archived MDRSP isolates from previous carriage studies in Indonesia in 2016-2019 were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and the rrgC (pilus islet 1) and pitB (pilus islet 2) genes. Multilocus sequence typing and biofilm formation were determined by PCR sequencing and the ability of cells to adhere to the walls, respectively. Results have shown that the mefA, ermB and tetM genes were found in 93, 52 and 100 % of MDRSP isolates, respectively. Insertions of arginine, proline and Ile-100-Leu were the most common mutations in the folA and folP genes. Pilus islets 1 and 2 were discovered in 93 and 82 % of MDRSP isolates, respectively. The MDRSP isolates showed no biofilm formation ability (64 %), and 5 out of 10 strains of MDRSP strains were ST1464. This finding can be used to provide further considerations in implementing and monitoring pneumococcal vaccination in Indonesia.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children <5 years of age in Indonesia prior to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to reduced transmission of pneumococci and stronger population-level impact of PCVs. In 2017 we conducted a cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage study in Indonesia among children aged <5 years before 13-valent PCV (PCV13) introduction. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during visits to community integrated health service posts at one peri-urban and one rural study site. Specimens were analyzed by culture, and isolates were serotyped using sequential multiplex polymerase chain and Quellung reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by broth microdilution method. We enrolled 1,007 children in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta (peri-urban) and 815 in Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara (rural). Pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 30.9% in Gunungkidul and 87.6% in Southwest Sumba (combined: 56.3%). PCV13 serotypes (VT) carriage was 15.0% in Gunungkidul and 52.6% in Southwest Sumba (combined: 31.8%). Among pneumococcal isolates identified, the most common VT were 6B (16.4%), 19F (15.8%), and 3 (4.6%) in Gunungkidul (N = 323) and 6B (17.6%), 19F (11.0%), and 23F (9.3%) in Southwest Sumba (N = 784). Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage were age (1-2 years adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.5; 3-4 years aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1; reference <1 year), other children <5 years old in the household (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0), and presence of ≥1 respiratory illness symptom (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.2). Overall, 61.5% of the pneumococcal isolates were non-susceptible to ≥1 antibiotic class and 13.2% were multi-drug non-susceptible (MDNS) (non-susceptible to ≥3 classes of antibiotics). Among 602 VT isolates, 73.9% were non-susceptible and 19.9% were MDNS. These findings are critical to establish a pre-PCV13 carriage prevalence and demonstrate the complexity in evaluating the impact of PCV13 introduction in Indonesia given the wide variability in the carriage prevalence as shown by the two study sites.

Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children with pneumonia and healthy children in Padang, Indonesia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the pathogenic bacteria causing invasive pneumococcal diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, which are commonly reported in children and adults. In this study, we investigated the nasopharyngeal carriage rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. pneumoniae among children with pneumonia and healthy children under 5 years old in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 65 hospitalized children with pneumonia in a referral hospital and from 65 healthy children at two day-care centers from 2018 to 2019. S. pneumoniae was identified by conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed with the disc diffusion method. Out of 130 children, S. pneumoniae strains were carried by 53% and 9.2 % in healthy children (35/65) and children with pneumonia (6/65), respectively. Serotype 19F was the most common serotype among the isolated strains (21%) followed by 6C (10%), 14, 34 (7 % each), and 1, 23F, 6A, 6B (5 % each). Moreover, 55 % of the strains (23/42) were covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Most isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%), chloramphenicol (93%), clindamycin (76%), erythromycin (71%), and tetracycline (69%). Serotype 19F was commonly found as a multi-drug resistant strain.

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia against S. pneumoniae. Medicinal plants were extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. Antibacterial activity was defined by inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bactericidal activity was measured by culture and time-killing measurement. Methods used to describe the mechanism of action of the strongest extract were done by absorbance at 595 nm, broth culture combined with 1% crystal violet, qRT-PCR targeting lytA, peZT and peZA, and transmission electron microscope to measure bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, LytA and peZAT gene expression, and ultrastructure changes respectively. Among 13 medicinal plants, L. inermis Linn. ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0,16 mg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed at 0,16 mg/ml for 1 hour incubation. Lawsonia inermis extract showed some mechanism of actions including bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, and ultrastructure changes such as cell wall disruption, decreasing cell membrane integrity and morphological disorder. Increasing of lytA and decreasing of peZA and peZT expression were also observed after incubation with the extract. In addition, liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer showed phenolic compounds as the commonest compound in L. inermis ethyl acetate extract. This study describes the strong antibacterial activity of L. inermis with various mechanism of action including ultrastructure changes.

Bacterial growth comparison of vaccine and non-vaccine type Streptococcus pneumoniae in different enrichment broths.

Broth enrichment is used to enhance pneumococcal carriage detection. Identifying serotypical growth difference during enrichment can prevent detection biases. We discovered, using supplemented Todd-Hewitt broth (0.5% yeast extract) at 4-h incubation and supplemented Brain Heart Infusion broth at 5-h incubation, provide no significant growth difference between vaccine and non-vaccine types.

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from School Children with Acute Otitis Media.

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogen of the human respiratory tract. This study describes the prevalence, serotype distribution, and susceptibility profiles of H. influenzae strains isolated from the nasopharynx of school children with acute otitis media (AOM) in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. H. influenzae was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab specimens using chocolate agar plates supplemented with IsoVitaleX and bacitracin. Serotyping was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microdilution broth assay. H. influenzae was present in 69.7% of samples (85/122). Nontypeable H. influenzae (NHTi) was the most common serotype (95.3%), followed by H. influenzae type b (3.5%) and H. influenzae type f (1.2%). All the H. influenzae isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, cefuroxime, and cefixime. Most isolates were susceptible to sparfloxacin (99%), cefepime (99%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 2 : 1 (99%), ampicillin/sulbactam 2 : 1 (96%), chloramphenicol (94%), tetracycline (93%), ampicillin (87%), and clarithromycin (82%). Nineteen percent of the isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, and 11% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. This study showed that H. influenzae carriage among samples was dominated by NTHi and less susceptible to cotrimoxazole.

Nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children under five years old in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the human nasopharynx. Colonization is frequently reported to be high in young children. In this study, we investigated the nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae in children under five years of age in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. METHODS: NP swab specimens were collected from 399 young children (mean age: 30 months) who participated in the Rampa Village Community Health Center, with 74% of the participants being Bajau children. S. pneumoniae was identified using optochin susceptibility and bile solubility tests. Serotyping was performed by sequential multiplex PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was performed by disk diffusion and microdilution methods. RESULTS: The NP carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was 45% (180/399). The most commonly serotypes were 6A/6B (18%), followed by 15B/15C (17%), 19F (16%), 34 (8%), and 23F (5%); 46% of them were identified as strains of the PCV13 vaccine type. Additionally, almost half of the pneumococcal isolates were non-susceptible to penicillin (40%), whereas non-susceptibility to tetracycline (36.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (29.7%), erythromycin (16.8%), chloramphenicol (9.7%), and clindamycin (8.6%) was also found. We identified 18% (n = 34) of S. pneumoniae isolates as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, and serotype 19F was the most common (74%) among them. CONCLUSIONS: MDR S. pneumoniae vaccine type strains were dominated by serotype 19F. The implementation of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine program in Indonesia might reduce MDR strains circulating in the community in the future.

Genetic characterization of co-trimoxazole non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Indonesia.

We investigated the genetic variation of folA and folP genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzymes amongst trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the Indonesian population. Archived S. pneumoniae isolates were screened for the presence and analysis of folA and folP genes using the polymerase chain reaction sequencing method. We found that 80 % of co-trimoxazole non-susceptible isolates (n=30/39) showed a 6 bp insertion in the sulphonamide-binding site of DHPS. The Asp-92-Ala and Ile-100-Leu substitutions were more common on DHFR (42 %; 22/53) followed by the Asp-92-Ala, Glu-94-Asp and Ile-100-Leu substitutions (32 %; 17/53). The combination of the Ile-100-Leu substitution at the DHFR region and the 6 bp insertion was the most dominant combination among isolates having both folA and folP genes.

Isolation and Identification of Optochin-Resistant Viridans Group Streptococci from the Sputum Samples of Adult Patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.

AIM: To investigate optochin-resistant viridans group streptococci (VGS) strains isolated from the sputum sample of adult patients with different clinical symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Optochin-resistant VGS isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). recA sequencing was used to confirm identified isolates at the genus level by MALDI-TOF MS. Finding. We identified 79% of tested isolates (148/187) at the species-level identification using the MALDI-TOF MS tool. We identified that the most common species isolated from sputum specimens were S. oralis (44.9%) followed by S. mitis (25.7%), S. infantis (9.1%), S. parasanguinis (7.5%), S. peroris (3.7%), S. anginosus (2.7%), and S. sanguinis (2.1%). Discussion. The S. oralis strains were majority of optochin-resistant VGS isolates obtained from sputum of adult patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. MALDI-TOF MS showed potential for the rapid identification tool to identify optochin-resistant VGS isolates. Although there were discrepancies in identifying isolates at the genus/species level, the performance could be improved by expanding its database.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated subclinical mastitis isolated from dairy cows in Bogor, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Subclinical mastitis is an udder infection devoid of clinical symptoms, and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria causing this disease. This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-associated subclinical mastitis isolated from dairy cows in Bogor, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. aureus was isolated from subclinical mastitis milk specimens. All strains were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of staphylococcal nuc, and MRSA was confirmed by the presence of mecA. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: From 86 milk samples, 49 isolates (57%) were confirmed as S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Nine isolates were identified as MRSA (10.5%). CONCLUSION: In this study, we reported MRSA-associated subclinical mastitis in Bogor, Indonesia.

Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from nasopharynges of children infected with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia, pre- and post-pneumococcal vaccination.

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae carried by children infected with HIV before and after vaccination with the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2013. We collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 52 children pre-vaccination and 6 months post-vaccination. Serotyping was performed by conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction and Quellung reaction. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was obtained by disc diffusion. We determined that 27 (52%) and 24 (46%) of the 52 children carried S. pneumoniae during pre- and post-vaccination periods, respectively with the majority of the isolates being non-vaccine type strains (85% pre-vaccination and 75% post-vaccination). Serotypes 34, 6C, and 16F (two strains each) were the most commonly identified serotypes at pre-vaccination. Serotypes 23A (three strains) and 19F (two strains) were the most commonly identified serotypes post-vaccination. In general, isolates were most commonly susceptible to chloramphenicol (88%) and clindamycin (88%), followed by erythromycin (84%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (69%), tetracycline (61%), and penicillin (59%). In conclusion, serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolated from the nasopharynges of children infected with HIV varied and were more likely to be non-vaccine type strains both before and after vaccination.

Prevalence, serotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a bacterial pathogen which is a leading cause of neonatal infection. Currently, there are limited GBS data available from the Indonesian population. In this study, GBS colonization, serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates were investigated among pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia. Demographics data, clinical characteristics and vaginal swabs were collected from 177 pregnant women (mean aged: 28.7 years old) at 29-40 weeks of gestation. Bacterial culture identification tests and latex agglutination were performed for GBS. Serotyping was done by conventional multiplex PCR and antibiotic susceptibility testing by broth microdilution. GBS colonization was found in 53 (30%) pregnant women. Serotype II was the most common serotype (30%) followed by serotype III (23%), Ia and IV (13% each), VI (8%), Ib and V (6% each), and one non-typeable strain. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, daptomycin and linezolid. The majority of GBS were resistant to tetracycline (89%) followed by clindamycin (21%), erythromycin (19%), and levofloxacin (6%). The serotype III was more resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin and these isolates were more likely to be multidrug resistant (6 out of 10) compared to other serotypes. This report provides demographics of GBS colonization and isolate characterization in pregnant women in Indonesia. The results may facilitate preventive strategies to reduce neonatal GBS infection and improve its treatment.

The prevalence of pilus islets in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from healthy children in Indonesia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae produces pili that function as adherence factors to bind to epithelial cells in the human upper respiratory tract. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of pilus islets (PIs) in S. pneumoniae strains carried by healthy children below 5 years of age prior to pneumococcal vaccination in 2012 in Lombok Island, Indonesia. In all, 347 archived S. pneumoniae isolates were screened using polymerase chain reactions for the presence of rrgC and pitB genes representing pilus islet 1 (PI-1) and pilus islet 2 (PI-2), respectively. We found that 40 isolates (11.5 %) contained the PI genes: 5.2% carried both PI-1 and PI-2, and 3.5 and 2.9% carried PI-1 and PI-2, respectively. Furthermore, we found that most of the strains carrying either of the PIs belonged to the vaccine serotypes 19F and 19A and were less susceptible to chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic susceptibility among Indonesian pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2015.

The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage to Mecca and one of the largest gathering of people in the world. Most Indonesian pilgrims are senior adults and elderly adults, who are more prone to acquire infections during the Hajj ritual. The aims of this study are to investigate the dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and to investigate antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococcal strains in Indonesian pilgrims. This was a prospective multi-site longitudinal study in Indonesian hajj pilgrims aged >18 years old in the year 2015. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the same subject before departure and upon arrival at the airport. S. pneumoniae was identified using conventional and molecular approach, while antibiotic susceptibility was determined using a disk diffusion method. Among 813 Hajj pilgrims who were enrolled from five sites in this study, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage rates before- and after-the Hajj were 8.6% (95% CI 6.7-10.5%) and 8.2% (95% CI 6.4-10.1%), (p value: 0.844) respectively. Serotype 16F, 6A/6B, 3, 18, and 23F were the five most prevalent serotypes before Hajj, whereas serotypes 3, 34, 13, 4, and 23F were the most prevalent serotypes after Hajj. Serotype 3 was identified as most acquired serotype during Hajj in Indonesian pilgrim. There was an increase in the percentage of isolates susceptible to co-trimoxazole after Hajj (42.9% versus 57.4%). The study provided an overview of the change of dynamics of S. pneumoniae serotype acquisition in Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims. Along with data of vaccination serotypes coverage and antimicrobial susceptibility, these findings may contribute to recommendation of vaccination and treatment policies in the future.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the primary causes of community-acquired pneumonia. The vaccine serotypes were dominant and could be isolated in 14% of adult patients, with serotype 3 being the most predominant (25%), followed by 6A, 6B, and 7F. Approximately, 44% of the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline.

Isolation and identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B from a patient with bacterial meningitis infection in Jakarta, Indonesia.

CNS infection is a life-threatening condition in developing countries and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported as the most common cause of bacterial meningitis; however, there is limited data on pneumococcal meningitis in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate and identity S. pneumoniae strains from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected as part of routine testing from patients with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infection at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017. S. pneumoniae isolation and identification were performed using conventional culture and molecular tools. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were monitored through minimum inhibitory concentration testing. From 147 CSF specimens, one S. pneumoniae strain was identified from a patient with bacterial meningitis symptoms. The isolate was serotype 6B (ST5661) and susceptible to 18 antimicrobial agents tested, including penicillin, tetracycline, and the macrolide group. Our data provide insights into the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Indonesia.

The use of PCR and BsmAI restriction combination targeting wciP gene to determine serotype 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D Streptococcus pneumoniae.

We designed a sensitive and reliable method to distinguish serogroup 6 using PCR followed by enzymatic restriction digest. We discovered that this serotyping method was able to distinguish serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D based on the recognition site of BsmAI in the wciP region.

Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Haemophilus influenzae among patients infected with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia.

In this study, the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Haemophilus influenzae were investigated in children and adults with HIV infection in Jakarta, Indonesia. Thirty-four H. influenzae isolates were identified in the children (n=16/90; 18%) and adults (n=18/200; 9%) infected with HIV. All isolates were nontypeable H. influenzae and were less susceptible to ampicillin (62%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (41%). In this study, the H. influenzae strains carried by patients infected with HIV were dominated by non-capsulated types.