Subject(s)
Dairying , Fascioliasis , Adult , Antiplatyhelmintic Agents/administration & dosage , Antiplatyhelmintic Agents/therapeutic use , Fascioliasis/diagnosis , Fascioliasis/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Praziquantel/administration & dosage , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A case of a young woman with a 3-year history of mixed connective tissue disease who developed secondary pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum and died shortly after of rapidly progressive disease is reported. The pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of this unusual complication in mixed connective tissue disease are discussed.
Subject(s)
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/complications , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/complications , Pneumoperitoneum/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/mortality , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/diagnostic imaging , Pneumoperitoneum/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Abdominal , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Peritoneovenous shunts have been widely used in the management of patients with ascites when medical therapy has failed. Shunt malfunction is a frequent complication. Direct injection of a small amount of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid into the afferent limb of the shunt allows prompt, accurate determination of shunt patency while avoiding some of the hazards and pitfalls of previously described techniques.
Subject(s)
Peritoneovenous Shunt , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Humans , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Radionuclide Imaging , Sulfur , Technetium , Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur ColloidABSTRACT
Infusions of intraarterial vasopressin (IAV) into the superior mesenteric artery have been shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices. Intravenous infusions of vasopressin (IVV), which can be initiated rapidly and require less sophisticated equipment and personnel, have also been reported to control variceal hemorrhage. We undertook a controlled clinical trial to compare these two routes of administration. Twenty-two cirrhotic patients with massive hemorrhage from varices were randomized to receive either IVV or IAV. Intraarterial vasopressin was begun at 0.1 U/min and increased progressively as needed to 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 U/min. Intravenous vasopressin was begun at 0.3 U/min and increased progressively as needed to 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 U/min. Hemorrhage was controlled in 5 of 10 episodes (50%) with IVV and in 6 of 12 episodes (50%) with IAV. Seven of the ten episodes treated with IVV (70%) ended fatally compared with 9 of 12 treated with IAV (75%). Side-effects and complications occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. The two routes of administration are equal in effects, side-effects, and complications. We recommend that IVV, which can be administered more easily, be given a brief therapeutic trial early in the management of hemorrhage from varices.
Subject(s)
Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Vasopressins/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Blood Transfusion , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/mortality , Humans , Injections, Intra-Arterial , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , RecurrenceABSTRACT
The effect of intraperitoneal cimetidine, an H2 receptorantagonist, has been assessed on the development of cold-restraint induced acute gastric ulcers in rats. Cimetidine in doses ranging from 20-100 mg per kg body weight significantly reduced the incidence of acute gastric ulceration compared with saline controls in this model. The protective effect of cimetidine suggests a prophylactic role for this agent in stress-induced gastric or duodenal ulceration in man.
Subject(s)
Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Guanidines/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Stress, Physiological/complications , Animals , Cold Temperature , Male , Rats , Restraint, Physical , Stomach Ulcer/etiologyABSTRACT
The effect of Mucaine and Aludrox on basal and food stimulated immunoreactive gastrin has been assessed in normal control subjects and patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer. No differences in gastrin responses were observed either in the basal period or after the protein meal with the two antacids. As previously described, release of gastrin was greatest in gastric ulcer patients but in contrast to previous results,normal subjects seemed to show a greater response than duodenal ulcer patients but this was not statistically significant. Thus the combination of a local anaesthetic oxethazaine with aluminium hydroxide gel does not lead to diminished gastrin release and is not the prime mechanism of action of this agent.
Subject(s)
Antacids/pharmacology , Ethanolamines/pharmacology , Gastrins/blood , Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Aluminum Hydroxide/pharmacology , Aluminum Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Antacids/therapeutic use , Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy , Ethanolamines/therapeutic use , Gastrins/metabolism , Humans , Middle Aged , Peptic Ulcer/blood , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapyABSTRACT
Eighty-five patients with endospcopically confirmed duodenal or pyloric canal ulcers entered a double blind trial with 1200 mg of cimetidine per day or placebo for 6 weeks. Eighty-four per cent of patients treated with cimetidine and 38 percent of those receiving placebo healed their ulcers (P less than 0.001). Measurement of basal acid output and maximal acid output before and after treatment showed no significant change but patients who failed to heal their ulcers had a higher basal acid output and maximal acid output than those who healed. Patients who smoked or drank alcohol had the same healing rate as abstainers. Sity-seven patients with duodenal ulceration healed by a 6-week course of cimetidine were randomly allocated to 400 mg of cimetidine twice daily or placebo in the maintenance trial. Actuarial analysis of the number of relapses in each group demonstrates that cimetidine is highly effective in preventing relapse.
Subject(s)
Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy , Guanidines/therapeutic use , Adult , Cimetidine/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Placebos , RecurrenceABSTRACT
In a double-blind trial performed in two centres, 67 outpatients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal (55) or pyloric canal (12) ulcers received cimetidine (34 patients) or placebo (33 patients) for six weeks. At 6 weeks complete healing of ulcers was significantly increased in patients receiving cimetidine (82%) compared with those receiving placebo (39%) (chi2=11-27; P less than 0-0008). Patients receiving cimetidine had significantly less daytime pain and required less antacid than those receiving placebo. Gastric acid secretion measured one week after cessation of treatment demonstrated that there was no rebound hypersecretion of acid in patients who had received cimetidine. The pretrial basal acid output of those patients whose ulcers failed to heal during cimetidine therapy was significantly greater than that of those whose ulcers healed during treatment with the drug (P less than 0-001). No side effects were encountered.