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1.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(6): 635-637, dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771607

ABSTRACT

Background: Angiomyolipomas associated with tuberous sclerosis may invade the renal vein and generate intramural thrombi. Case report: We report a 36-years-old woman, consulting for left flank pain. CT scan showed a large tumor in the left kidney consistent with the diagnosis of infiltrating renal angiomyolipoma with tumor invasion of the vein. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed, with removal of tumor thrombus. The operative time was 127 minutes and estimated bleeding 20 ml. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient is currently asymptomatic after 12 months of follow up. The pathological study of the surgical piece showed a renal angiomyolipoma with invasion of the kidney and a solid tumor in the lumen of the renal vein.


Objetivo: Se presenta el caso clínico de un Angiomiolipoma renal con extensión a vena renal, patología de muy baja frecuencia. Caso clínico: Mujer de 36 años, quien consulta por dolor en flanco izquierdo. En una tomografía computada se encuentra una lesión tumoral extensa del riñón izquierdo compatible con un Angiomiolipoma renal infiltrante e invasión tumoral de la vena renal. Se realiza nefrectomía laparoscópica, con extirpación de trombo tumoral. El tiempo operatorio fue de 127 min y el sangrado estimado de 20 ml. No hubo complicaciones intra ni postoperatorias. La paciente se encuentra actualmente asintomática luego de 12 meses de seguimiento. La histología mostró un Angiomiolipoma renal con invasión del riñón y un tumor sólido en el lumen de la vena renal. Conclusión: La invasión de vena renal por un Angiomiolipoma es extremadamente raro. Su resolución laparoscópica es posible, con sólo una comunicación previa en la literatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Angiomyolipoma/surgery , Laparoscopy , Nephrectomy/methods , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Renal Veins/surgery , Angiomyolipoma/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Renal Veins/pathology
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(4): 351-358, ago. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719118

ABSTRACT

Introduction: A number of patients have been studied after undergoing Radical Cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer, to review prognostic factors and analyze perioperative outcomes. A contemporary benchmark was established for future comparisons. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 46 patients that underwent RC for bladder cancer between July 2003 and September 2012, assessing demographic characteristics, comorbidities, anesthetic risk and clinical status, interval between transurethral resection (TUR) and cystectomy, operative times, bleeding and transfusions, surgical technique, nutritional management, pathologic findings, hospital stay and complications. Complications were detailed by type and frequency and classified as early (within 30 days) or late. In addition, we used the Clavien-Dindo classification for reporting postoperative complications. Mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days after cystectomy were estimated. Results: Average patient age was 70 years (49-88) and mean ASA classification was 2.7. The average between TUR and cystectomy was 68.2 days (median = 57.5 days). Mean operative time for cutaneous ureterostomy was 194 minutes, 320 for ileal conduit and 342 for neobladder. 60.8 percent had pathological stage major than pT2 and 41 percent had nodal involvement. There were 19.5 percent of positive margins. The 23.9 percent had Clavien-Dindo postoperative complications grade 3 or 4. The 90-day global mortality was 17.3 percent. Conclusions: CR was associated with a high morbidity and mortality, which seems to be explained by an advanced stage of the disease and the high presence of poor prognostic factors.


Objetivos: Estudiamos una serie de pacientes sometidos a cistectomía radical (CR) por cáncer vesical para examinar factores pronósticos y analizar los resultados perioperatorios, estableciendo así un punto de referencia para futuras evaluaciones. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de 46 pacientes sometidos a CR por cáncer vesical entre julio de 2003 y septiembre de 2012, evaluando características demográficas, comorbilidades, riesgo anestésico y condición clínica, lapso entre la resección transuretral (RTU) y la cistectomía, tiempos operatorios, sangrado y transfusiones, técnica quirúrgica utilizada, manejo nutricional, resultados anatomopatológicos, estada hospitalaria y complicaciones. Estas últimas fueron detalladas según tipo y frecuencia y catalogadas como precoces (durante los primeros 30 días) o tardías. Además, se utilizó la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo para reportar las complicaciones postoperatorias. Se estimaron las tasas de mortalidad a 30, 60 y 90 días post cistectomía. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 70 años (49-88) y la media de la clasificación ASA fue 2,7. El promedio entre la RTU y la cistectomía fue 68,2 días. Los tiempos operatorios promedio fueron de 194 min la ureterostomía cutánea, 320 el conducto ileal y 342 la neovejiga. Un 60,8 por ciento tenía un pT > 2 y un 41 por ciento compromiso ganglionar. Hubo 19,5 por ciento de márgenes positivos. Un 23,9 por ciento tuvo complicaciones grado 3 ó 4 según Clavien-Dindo. La mortalidad global a 90 días fue 17,3 por ciento. Conclusiones: la CR se asoció a una elevada morbimortalidad, lo que parece explicarse por un estado avanzado de la enfermedad y por la alta presencia de factores de mal pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cystectomy/methods , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Intraoperative Complications , Length of Stay , Lymph Node Excision , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Operative Time , Postoperative Hemorrhage , Retrospective Studies
3.
Rev. chil. urol ; 79(2): 44-52, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785342

ABSTRACT

Examinar factores pronósticos y analizar la supervivencia en pacientes sometidos a cistectomía radical (CR) por cáncer vesical. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de 46 pacientes sometidos a CR por cáncer vesical entre julio de 2003 y septiembre de 2012, considerándose como variable dependiente la supervivencia y como variables independientes: las características demográficas, comorbilidades, riesgo anestésico, condición clínica, lapso entre la RTU y la cistectomía, derivación urinaria utilizada, resultados anatomopatológicos y complicaciones postoperatorias. Se analizó la supervivencia mediante Kaplan-Meier, elaborando curvas que fueron comparadas mediante el método de Mantel-Cox. Se efectuó un análisis de supervivencia a 2 años de la cistectomía, mediante regresión logística binaria multivariante. RESULTADOS: La media de la supervivencia global fue 31,8 meses (mediana = 12 meses) y la de la específica 38,2 meses (mediana = 16). La supervivencia global fue mayor en enfermos menores de 70 años, con función renal o albuminemia normales, ASA <3 y en quienes se elaboró una neovejiga. La supervivencia específica fue mayor en los pacientes con estadio tumoral (pT) <3, densidad ganglionar <20 por ciento, margen quirúrgico negativo, sin compromiso ganglionar o masa residual (R0) y en los sometidos a linfadenectomía. Los factores de riesgo para fallecer dentro de los primeros 2 años fueron edad sobre 69 años, ASA >2, pT >2 (OR 25), compromiso ganglionar, metástasis a distancia, masa residual y margen positivo. CONCLUSION: La infiltración local, la afectación ganglionar y una edad mayor a 69 años fueron los tres factores de riesgo más determinantes de un peor pronóstico.


To review prognostic factors and analyze the survival of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 46 patients underwent RC for bladder cancer between July 2003 and September 2012 was carried out, considering survival as the dependent variable and as independent variables the following: demographic characteristics, comorbidities, anesthetic risk, clinical condition, delay between transurethral resection (TUR) and cystectomy, urinary diversion performed, pathologic findings, and postoperative complications. A survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method was performed; as a result curves were obtained and compared using the Mantel-Cox test. A multivariate binary logistic regression was performed, and prognostic factors of survival at 2 years of cystectomy were evaluated. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 31.8 months (median 12 months) and specific overall survival was 38.2 months (median = 16). Overall survival was higher in patients younger than 70 years, with normal renal function and normal albumin, ASA minor than 3 and in those that a neobladder was developed. Specific survival was higher in patients with tumor stage (pT) <3, node density <20 percent, negative surgical margins, without lymph node involvement or residual mass (R0) and in those underwent to lymphadenectomy. Risk factors for death within the first 2 years were: age over 69 years, ASA> 2, pT> 2 (OR 25), nodal involvement, distant metastases, residual mass and positive margins. CONCLUSIONS: Local infiltration, lymph node involvement and age over 69 years were the three most crucial risk factors for a worse prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cystectomy/mortality , Cystectomy/methods , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Survival Analysis , Lymph Node Excision , Retrospective Studies , Prognosis
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 58(3): 199-202, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475783

ABSTRACT

La imagenología ha sido fundamental en la detección de tumores renales, muchos de ellos menores a 4 cm en los cuales una resección parcial permite un tratamiento efectivo. En nuestro servicio se le ofrece una nefrectomía parcial a pacientes monorrenos, con tumores bilaterales, con una función renal límite y a aquellos que presenten tumores de 4 cm o menos. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en 37 casos de nefrectomías parciales operados entre agosto de 1995 y agosto del 2003. La edad media fue de 61 años y el tamaño promedio de los tumores fue de 4,7 cm. La hospitalización fue de 3,9 días en promedio. La única complicación aguda fue una hematuria persistente que requirió reexploración. Como complicación tardía se evidenció la progresión de una insuficiencia renal ya presente antes de la cirugía en un paciente. El seguimiento medio fue de 43 meses. Hasta el momento no han aparecido lesiones sugerentes de recidiva de la enfermedad. En nuestra opinión este procedimiento es seguro, no determina mayor morbilidad que una nefrectomía radical y permite un éxito oncológico similar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nephrectomy/methods , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Length of Stay , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications
5.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 48(6): 366-370, nov.-dic. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310202

ABSTRACT

La incidencia del melanoma maligno cutáneo está en incremento sostenido en todo el mundo como consecuencia de varios factores demográficos: exposición a la luz solar, disminución de la capa de ozono, mayor tendencia a deportes al aire libre y prolongación del promedio de vida de la población entre otros. Los factores más significativos en el pronóstico son: etapa de la enfermedad, espesor de la lesión grado de crecimiento vertical, sitio anatómico, ulceración y hemorragia, edad, sexo, forma de tratamiento. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo en relación con el tratamiento en un período de 8 años (1992-1999) de 44 pacientes. En ellos se estudiaron variables de edad, sexo, grado, grado de exposición solar, antecedentes familiares correlacionados, características clínicas de la lesión, tratamiento y recidiva. Los resultados se exponen en relación a las características señaladas. Se destaca la necesidad de hacer un registro minuciso de las características demográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas así como un seguimiento controlado de los pacientes. Se señala las características del tratamiento quirúrgico y la necesidad de implementar el estudio del linfonodo centinela y linfocintigrafía


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Melanoma , Neoplasm Metastasis
6.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 48(6): 371-375, nov.-dic. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310203

ABSTRACT

Las masas cervicales son un motivo frecuente de consulta en pediatría. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el estudio y el manejo terapéutico de las masas cervicales en el Servicio de Cirugía Infantil del Hospital San Juan de Dios en el período 1992-2000. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva en la que se analizaron los aspectos más relevantes de esta patología,como son la anamnesis, el exámen físico, los exámenes de laboratorio e imágenes, el tratamiento y sus resultados. No se encontró correlación entre los signos clínicos y el diagnóstico final, pero si una relación de este último con el diagnóstico presuntivo. El diagnóstico final más frecuente fue el de adenitis inespecífica. En la revisión destaca el bajo rendimiento de los exámenes, y el hecho que aún existe un número importante de pacientes (cercano al 20 por ciento) que consulta por primera vez al especialista luego de un año del inicio de la signología


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Cat-Scratch Disease , Dermoid Cyst , Thyroglossal Cyst
7.
Inorg Chem ; 40(15): 3786-96, 2001 Jul 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11442378

ABSTRACT

Potentiometric titrations of the mixtures of lanthanide(III) perchlorates and bis-Tris propane (BTP) reveal formation of dinuclear hydroxo complexes M2(BTP)2(OH)n(6-n), where M = La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), and Dy(III) and n = 2, 4, 5, or 6, in the pH range 7-9. ESI-MS data confirm the presence of dinuclear species. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), mono-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP), and 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) in the lanthanide(III)-BTP systems has been studied at 25 degrees C in the pH range 7-9. The second-order rate constants for the hydrolysis of BNPP by individual lanthanide hydroxo complexes have been estimated by using the multiple regression on observed rate constants obtained at variable pH. For a given metal, the rate constants increase with increasing in the number n of coordinated hydroxide ions. In a series of complexes with a given n, the second-order rate constants decrease in the order La > Pr > Nd > Eu > Gd > Dy. Hydrolysis of NPP follows Michaelis-Menten-type "saturation" kinetics. This difference in kinetic behavior can be attributed to stronger binding of NPP dianion than BNPP monoanion to the lanthanide(III) species. Activities of lanthanide complexes in the hydrolysis of NPA, which is 10(6) times more reactive than BNPP in alkaline or aqueous hydrolysis, are similar to those in BNPP hydrolysis indicating unique capability of lanthanide(III) cations to stabilize the transition state of phosphate diester hydrolysis. Results of this study are analyzed together with literature data for other metal cations in terms of the Brønsted correlation and transition state-catalyst complexation strength.


Subject(s)
Lanthanoid Series Elements/chemistry , Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism , Tromethamine/analogs & derivatives , Tromethamine/metabolism , Catalysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Kinetics , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Titrimetry
8.
Rev Med Chil ; 126(7): 793-802, 1998 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9830772

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cerebral metabolic monitoring in critical neurological patients allows the assessment of neuronal tissue response to injury and to plan the best therapy to correct each critical brain situation. AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of cerebral metabolic monitoring in patients with acute cerebral injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 29 patients with acute brain injury, in whom a catheter was located in the bulb of the jugular vein to perform a cerebral metabolic monitoring. These patients were compared with others that were not subjected to this monitoring. The evolution at six months of follow up was assessed using the Glasgow outcome score, considering a favorable evolution when this score was 4 or greater. RESULTS: Patients with an hyperemic state on admission or after optimization of therapy did not have hospital mortality, and 73% had Glasgow outcome score of 4 or greater at six months of follow up. On the other hand, 50% of those with hypoperfusion or global ischemia died during hospitalization and 72% had a Glasgow outcome score of 3 or less at six months. Patients not subjected to cerebral metabolic monitoring behave as those with hypoperfusion or global ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral metabolic monitoring is an useful tool to optimize the management of patients with acute cerebral injury, and those patients with an hyperemic cerebral state have the best prognosis.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Cerebrovascular Disorders/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Cerebrovascular Disorders/mortality , Critical Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev Med Chil ; 120(2): 147-52, 1992 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1340551

ABSTRACT

Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 58 patients with pituitary adenomas from 1977 to 1987. There were 21 non functioning adenomas and 22 growth hormone producing tumors. Extrasellar extension was found in 59% of patients. Radiotherapy was performed electively in 38 patients and due to tumor recurrence in 20. Megavoltage radiation was used in all patients. A dose of 5000 cGy in 5 weeks was attained in 54 of 58 patients. The recurrence free survival was 81% after a median follow-up of 6.8 years. Hypopituitarism developed in 13 of 58 patients. These findings confirm that external radiotherapy offers a real curative alternative for patients with macroadenomas of the pituitary gland.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/radiotherapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adenoma/surgery , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Period , Radiotherapy, High-Energy , Survival Analysis
10.
Rev Med Chil ; 118(12): 1367-71, 1990 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2152670

ABSTRACT

We performed cerebral biopsy in 4 patients with AIDS and evidence of expanding intracerebral lesions. Three patients had cerebral toxoplasmosis and the fourth had Chagas encephalitis. No patient developed complications. We feel that cerebral biopsy is warranted and safe in patients with AIDS and intracerebral lesions of uncertain origin.


Subject(s)
AIDS Dementia Complex/pathology , Brain/pathology , HIV-1 , AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnostic imaging , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnostic imaging , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Adult , Biopsy , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Chagas Disease/diagnostic imaging , Chagas Disease/pathology , Craniotomy , Encephalitis/diagnostic imaging , Encephalitis/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/diagnostic imaging , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/pathology
11.
Can J Neurol Sci ; 14(2): 153-5, 1987 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3607617

ABSTRACT

A patient with bilateral homonymous hemianopia with preservation of the central vision, spatial disorientation and memory deficits secondary to bilateral occipital and mesial temporal infarctions, is presented. The cerebral damage followed a subdural hematoma with tentorial herniation and compression of both posterior cerebral arteries.


Subject(s)
Hematoma, Subdural/complications , Hemianopsia/physiopathology , Visual Fields , Adult , Amnesia/etiology , Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Infarction/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Hemianopsia/etiology , Humans , Male , Occipital Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
J Neurosurg ; 64(5): 720-3, 1986 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3701420

ABSTRACT

Thirteen cases of cerebral cavernous angiomas are reported, and their radiological and pathological features are reviewed. The clinical presentation was variable: 53.8% of patients had seizures, 30.8% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 15.4% focal neurological signs, including one unusual case that presented as a cerebellopontine angle tumor. The computerized tomography (CT) scans were abnormal in all cases. Angiography was positive only when there was mass effect due to associated hematoma. Surgery was performed in 12 cases with good results. The prognosis of the 13 cases was favorable, with no mortality in this series. These data suggest that the combination of a recent seizure disorder with a hyperdense intracerebral nodule on the CT scanning should alert the neurosurgeon to the possibility of a cavernous angioma.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnosis , Adult , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Child , Female , Hemangioma, Cavernous/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 47(8): 784-90, 1984 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6470720

ABSTRACT

In a group of forty cases of cysticercosis of the central nervous system, 59% presented with intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus. Ventricular or cisternal cysts, and chronic cysticercus meningitis were the most common causes of hydrocephalus. Seizures occurred in 40% of the patients, in one-half of them in association with CT-detected parenchymatous cysts. In 20% of the cases progressive mental deterioration was the main clinical feature, at times associated with hydrocephalus. CT scan provided the highest diagnostic yield, being abnormal in 90% of cases. Long term prognosis was poor, with a mortality rate of 38% over a 40-month follow-up period. The most common cause of death (60%) was meningitis. CSF shunting is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, irrespective of its mechanism. Surgical resection is indicated in some cases with a single superficial (cortical) or posterior fossa cyst. Supratentorial cysts carry a relatively benign prognosis.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain/pathology , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain Diseases/surgery , Cerebral Angiography , Cerebral Arteries/pathology , Child , Cysticercosis/pathology , Cysticercosis/surgery , Dementia/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsy/etiology , Hemiplegia/etiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Pseudotumor Cerebri/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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