HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL HETEROPHYIASIS AND THE ROLE OF PRAZIQUANTEL AND AMINOGUANIDINE.

Histopathological diagnosis was used to understand the pathological events associated with Heterophyes heterophyes (H. heterophyes) infection. CD3 and CD79α antibodies had been used as markers for both T and. B lymphocytes respectively. Immunohistochemical techniques had several advantages as remarkable sensitivity and specificity. This study aims to evaluate the roles-of praziquantel (PZQ) and aminoguanidine (AG) treatment in H heterophyes infected dogs pathologically and immunohisto-chemically. Study design included experimental infection of dogs with encysted metacercariae of H heterophyes followed by treatment with PZQ and AG. Tissue samples were taken from small intestinal, liver, heart and lung of all groups for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Pathological changes were detected in infected tissues by histopathological examination. There was different degree of CD79α+B lymphocytic & CD3+T lymphocytic infiltration detected in immuno-histochemical stained tissues. PZQ caused improvement of pathological changes in the small intestine. However the cellular inflammatory infiltration increased. There was reduction in inflammatory infiltration after intake of AG. Both PZQ and AG improved the pathological changes in the.liver, heart and lung, while the cellular inflammatory infiltration increased after PZQ and reduced by AG. Moreover in the lung AG improves pulmonary congestion and alveolar wall thickness.

RELATION BETWEEN SCHISTOSOME PAST INFECTION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME.

Schistosome antigens modulate host metabolic profiles in experimental animals. The effects of previous schistosome infection (PSI) and the development of metabolic syndrome remain unknown in humans. This study evaluated previous schistosome infection (PSI) related to metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 547 participants aged >40 years from rural areas of Zagazig district were enrolled. Of them, 269 patients with. PSI and 305 normal served as controls. For all participants blood pressure, height, body weight and waist circumstance (WC) were measured. Blood samples were examined biochemically to determine triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HIDL-C). Associations between PSI and MS were evaluated using logistic regression. Patients with PSI had significantly lower levels of body mass index (BMI), WC, TG, insignificantly low levels of fasting -blood glucose (FBG) and significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with controls. Prevalence of MS in PSI was significantly low than controls (32.7% vs. 42.3% respectively). PSI significantly associated with low prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components, including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. Potential long-term effects of PSI may reduce metabolic syndrome risk.

Evaluation of protective immunity of 28KD-GST as a vaccine against experimental Schistosoma mansoni.

Schistosoma mansoni GST was purified from adult worm homogenates by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified antigen revealed that SmGST has molecular weight around 28 KD was used as a vaccine in a dose of 25 and 35 microg. Eleven groups of BALB/c mice of 10 mice each were vaccinated by GST. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and BCG vaccine were used as adjuvant. Booster doses were given after 2 & 4 weeks. Two weeks after the last dose of vaccine, mice were challenged by S. mansoni cercariae. Blood samples were taken 7 weeks post infection for detection of IgGl, IgE and circulating antigens. Then mice were sacrificed for histopathological study of the liver. Highly significant (p > 0.001) increase in the mean optical density of IgGl & IgE in groups vaccinated by 35 microg GST and CFA was demonstrated. On the other hand, highly significant (P < 0.001) decrease in circulating antigen, grnuloma number and size in the same group.