Electrospun non-wovens potential wound dressing material based on polyacrylonitrile/chicken feathers keratin nanofiber.

Electrospinning nanofibers have a tremendous interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug administration, and wound healing because of their ability to replicate and restore the function of the natural extracellular matrix found in tissues. The study's highlight is the electrospinning preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile with chicken feather keratin as an additive. In this study, keratin was extracted from chicken feather waste using an environmentally friendly method and used to reinforce polymeric nanofiber mats. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the morphology and the structure of the prepared nanofiber mats. The effect of keratin on the porosity and the tensile strength of reinforcing nanofibers is investigated. The porosity ratio of the nanofiber mats goes up from 24.52 ± 2.12 for blank polyacrylonitrile (PAN (NF)) to 90.89 ± 1.91% for polyacrylonitrile nanofiber with 0.05 wt% keratin (PAN/0.05% K). Furthermore, keratin reinforcement improves the nanofiber's mechanical properties, which are important for wound dressing application, as well as its antibacterial activity without causing hemolysis (less than 2%). The best antibacterial activities were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 ± 0.17 mm inhibition zone) and Staphylococcus aureus (29 ± 0.31 mm inhibition zone) for PAN/0.05% K sample, according to the antibacterial test. This research has a good potential to broaden the use of feather keratin-based nanofibers in wound healing.

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyaniline/Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Coating Protection of Cast Iron in Simulated Seawater.

In our daily lives and product manufacturing, metal corrosion causes significant economic losses. Numerous polymeric composite coatings have been shown to be resistant to harsh environments, such as those found in marine environments. In this study, a composite of polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline blend loaded with carboxylated graphene was explored in the search for long-lasting coatings to resist electrochemical deterioration of cast iron in desalination systems of saltwater. Polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline/carboxylated graphene oxide nanocomposite was spin-coated onto cast iron samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical DC corrosion testing with a three-electrode system were used to study corrosion resistance in uncoated and coated cast iron samples. The results exhibit effective corrosion protection properties. The EIS data indicated better capacitance and higher impedance values for coated samples than bare metal, depicting enhanced corrosion resistance against the saline environment. Tafel analysis confirmed a significant decrease in the corrosion rate of the PVA/PANI/GO-COOH coated sample.

Synthesis of Novel Nano-Sulfonamide Metal-Based Corrosion Inhibitor Surfactants.

The synthesis of novel corrosion inhibitors and biocide metal complex nanoparticle surfactants was achieved through the reaction of sulfonamide with selenious acid to produce a quaternary ammonium salt. Platinum and cobalt surfactants were then formed by complexing the first products with platinum (II) or cobalt (II) ions. The surface properties of these surfactants were then investigated, and the free energy of form micelles (ΔGomic) and adsorption (ΔGoads) was determined. The obtained cationic compounds were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel dissolution in 1N HCl medium. The results of gravimetric and electrochemical measurements showed that the obtained inhibitors were excellent corrosion inhibitors. The anti-sulfate-reducing bacteria activity known to cause corrosion of oil pipes was obtained by the inhibition zone diameter method for the prepared compounds, which were measured against sulfate-reducing bacteria. FTIR spectra, elemental analysis, H1 NMR spectrum, and 13C labeling were performed to ensure the purity of the prepared compounds.

Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers: Incorporating Hydroxyapatite (HA), HA/Berberine or HA/Moghat Composites, as Scaffolds to Enhance In Vitro Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration.

The specific objective of this study was to stabilize a simple valid method to prepare pure nanorod hydroxyapatite (HA) mixed with berberine chloride (BER) and Moghat water extract (ME) as composites for incorporation into cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers to be used as novel bone scaffolds and to determine their efficacy in bone regeneration process In Vitro. Preparation of HA/BER and HA/ME composites were performed by mixing powders using the ball-milling machine. The HA, HA/BER, and HA/ME composites at a concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg were mixed with CA solution (13%), then the fiber was formed using electrospinning technique. The properties of the obtained CA fibers were investigated (SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA, water uptake, porosity, and mechanical tests). The efficacy of HA and HA composites loaded into CA nanofiber on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were measured by tacking ALP, osteocalcin, TRAcP, calcium, and total protein concentration. Moreover, their effects on cell differentiation (CD90 and PARP- É£) and death markers (GSK3b, MAPK, Wnt-5 and ß-catenin) were evaluated by using ELISA and qPCR. The obtained TEM results indicated that the continuous CA and CA/HA composites electrospun fibers have ultrafine fiber diameters of about 200 nm and uniform distribution of discrete n-HA clusters throughout. In addition, hydrocortisone (HCT) was found to increase the formation of adipocytes and osteoclastic markers CD90 and p38-MAPK which indicated the bone lose process take placed. Treatment with CA loaded with HA, HA/BER or HA/ME decreased CD90, Wnt-5, PARP- É£, GSK3b and p38-MAPK associated elevation of osteogenic markers: ALP and osteocalcin. Moreover, HCT overexpressed RANKL and down expressed Osterix gene. Treatment with CA/HA/BER or CA/HA/ME downregulated RANKL and upregulated Osterix associated with a reduction in RANKL/OPG ratio, at p < 0.05. In conclusion, novel CA composite nanofibers (CA/HA/BER and CA/HA/ME) reversed the HCT adverse effect on osteoblast cell death through canonical and non-canonical pathways regulated by Wnt/ß-catenin and Wnt/Ca(2+) pathways. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the novel scaffolds create a crosstalk between RUNX-2, RANKL, p38-MAPK, and Wnt signals which positively impact bone regeneration process. Treatment with CA/HA/BER is better compared to the treatment with CA/HA/ME. Nevertheless, both are considered as alternative biomaterial scaffolds with a potential for biomedical applications in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Synthesized Nanorods Hydroxyapatite by Microwave-Assisted Technology for In Vitro Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration through Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway.

This research presents an optimal and inexpensive, without any additives, method for the synthesis and sintering of hydroxyapatite (HA) by microwave-assisted technology (MAT) furnace. The target sintering temperature of the furnace (1100 ℃) was held for one and two hours for conventional sintering. With regard to the microwave hybrid sintering, it was held at 100%MW for 20 and 30 min. FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM/EDS, and TEM were assessed to determine HA phase composition, and structural as well as thermal decomposition behavior. The in vitro effects of sintered HA discs on cultured aged mice-isolated osteoblast cells and hydrocortisone-induced osteoclast cells were assessed by measuring ALP, osteocalcin, TRAP, calcium, and Alizarin red S staining. Moreover, their effects on cell differentiation (CD90 and CD 105 and PARR- É£) and death markers (GSK3b, MAPK, and ß-catenin) were evaluated. The results demonstrate the production of ≈35 nm crystal-sized pure hydroxyapatite nanorod-like particles with a high degree of crystallinity and no impurities as required for biomedical application. HA increased osteogenesis (ALP, osteocalcin, and calcium) markers and decreased cell resorption markers. In addition, HA nanorods reversed the effect of cortisone on cell differentiation and death markers. In conclusion, microwave hybrid sintered HA is a potential nanomaterial for osteoporotic bone regeneration as HA reversed the cortisone adverse effect on osteoblast cell death through canonical and non-canonical pathways.

Ciprofloxacin removal using magnetic fullerene nanocomposite obtained from sustainable PET bottle wastes: Adsorption process optimization, kinetics, isotherm, regeneration and recycling studies.

Numerous of pollutants threaten our planet, for instance plastic wastes causes a huge potential risk on the environment in addition to many of emergened pollutants as pharmaceutical residue in aquatic environments which affecting ecological balance and in-turn affecting human health. Accordingly, this research proposed an innovative facile, one-step synthesis of functionalized magnetic fullerene nanocomposite (FMFN) via catalytic thermal decomposition of sustainable poly (ethylene terephthalate) bottle wastes as feedstock and ferrocene as a catalyst and precursor of magnetite. Growth mechanism of FMFN was discussed and batch experiments were achieved to examine its adsorption efficiency in relation to Ciprofloxacin antibiotic. Different adsorption parameters including time, initial Ciprofloxacin concentration, and solution temperature were investigated and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model. In addition, a study on the antibiotic adsorption process impact on the organisms of an ecosystem was conducted using E. coli DH5α, and results validated method's efficiency in overcoming problem of appearance of antibiotic-resistant microbes.

Preparation and characterization of carbon nanofibrous/hydroxyapatite sheets for bone tissue engineering.

Critical size bone defects are orthopedic defects that will not heal without intervention or that will not completely heal over the natural life time of the animal. Although bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely however, critical defects require some sort of scaffold to do so. In the current study we proposed a method to obtain a carbon nanofibrous/Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioactive scaffold. The carbon nanofibrous (CNF) nonwoven fabrics were obtained by the use of the electrospinning process of the polymeric solution of poly acrylonitrile "PAN" and subsequent stabilization and carbonization processes. The CNFs sheets were functionalized by both hydroxyapatite (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The HA was added to the electrospun solution, but in case of (BSA), it was adsorbed after the carbonization process. The changes in the properties taking place in the precursor sheets were investigated using the characterization methods (SEM, FT-IR, TGA and EDX). The prepared materials were tested for biocompatibility via subcutaneous implantation in New Zealand white rabbits. We successfully prepared biocompatible functionalized sheets, which have been modified with HA or HA and BSA. The sheets that were functionalized by both HA and BSA are more biocompatible with fewer inflammatory cells of (neutrophils and lymphocytes) than ones with only HA over the period of 3weeks.