An averaging technique for the P300 spatial distribution.

INTRODUCTION: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on "Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Neural Signals and Images". OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of the paper regard the analysis of amplitude spatial distribution of the P300 evoked potential over a scalp of a particular subject and finding an averaged spatial distribution template for that subject. This template, which may differ for two different subjects, can help in getting a more accurate P300 detection for all BCIs that inherently use spatial filtering to detect P300 signal. Finally, the proposed averaging technique for a particular subject obtains an averaged spatial distribution template through only several epochs, which makes the proposed averaging technique fast and possible to use without applying any prior training data as in case of data enhancement technique. METHODS: The method used in the proposed framework for the averaging of spatial distribution of P300 evoked potentials is based on the statistical properties of independent components (ICs). These components are obtained by using independent component analysis (ICA) from different target epochs. RESULTS: This paper gives a novel averaging technique for the spatial distribution of P300 evoked potentials, which is based on the P300 signals obtained from different target epochs using the ICA algorithm. Such a technique provides a more reliable P300 spatial distribution for a subject of interest, which can be used either for an improved spatial selection of ICs, or more accurate P300 detection and extraction. In addition, the experiments demonstrate that the values of spatial intensity computed by the proposed technique for P300 signal converge after only several target epochs for each electrode allocation. Such a speed of convergence allows the proposed algorithm to easily adapt to a subject of interest without any additional artificial data preparation prior the algorithm execution such in case of data enhancement technique. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique averages the P300 spatial distribution for a particular subject over all electrode allocations. First, the technique combines P300-like components obtained by the ICA run within a target epoch in order to obtainan averaged P300 spatial distribution. Second, the technique averages spatial distributions of P300 signals obtained from different target epochs in order to get the final averaged template. Such an template can be useful for any BCI technique where spatial selection is used to detect evoked potentials.

Primary percutaneous coronary interventions network in Bosnia and Herzegovina--Sarajevo's proposal.

Reperfusion therapy is the most useful part of the treatment for patients suffering from an acute coronary syndrome. Start time of reperfusion therapy is an important factor which influenced positively on the number of days of hospitalization, and readmission, the risk of reinfarction, as well as both, short and long-term mortality. Today, several models of reperfusion therapy are available: thrombolytic treatment (pre-hospital or in-hospital setting), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI or pPCI) or a combination of both. pPCI is preferred, as soon as possible, in centers with experienced teams, especially for patients in shock, or those with contraindicated fibrinolytic therapies. We will compared, very shortly, the daily practices in 4 countries (Czech Republic, Austria, Croatia, Serbia ), where (well) developed primary PCI hospital networks works efficiently for a years, with the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our goal is to describe the easiest and quickest way of establishing the primary PCI network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. By combining the efforts of both Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be possible in the forthcoming period, that B&H becomes a participant in the Stent for life initiative.