The comparison of white-to-white via triple person-times caliper measuring and machine-measuring in V4c implantable collamer lens implantation.

This study aimed to compare the differences and characteristics of white-to-white (WTW) values obtained before V4c implantation using triple person-times caliper, IOL-Master 700, Pentacam HR, and UBM, and to assess their correlation with vaulting. A total of 930 myopia patients (1842 eyes) who were interested in undergoing ICL surgery were assessed before the procedure using various instruments. The WTW measurements were obtained using a triple person-times caliper, Pentacam HR, and IOL-Master 700, whereas the angle-to-angle (ATA) measurements were obtained using UBM. The size of the ICL was subsequently calculated using triple person-times caliper measurements. The vault of the ICL was assessed using Pentacam HR three months after the surgery. The WTW was determined to be 11.30 ± 0.29 mm, 11.43 ± 0.29 mm, and11.86 ± 0.38 mm, respectively, using the triple person-times caliper, Pentacam HR, and IOL-Master 700. The measurement of ATA was 11.57 ± 0.51 mm, as done by UBM. The ICL vault was measured to be 400.97 ± 198.46 µm when examined with Pentacam HR three monthsafter the procedure. The linear regression analyses of ICL size and WTW of triple person-times caliper, ICL vault and WTW were (R = 0.703, p < 0.001; R = 0.0969, p < 0.001) respectively. The highest correlation was found between IOL-Master and Pentacam HR (r = 0.766, p = 0.000). The lowest correlation was found between UBM and Pentacam HR (r = 0.358, p = 0.002). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were the triple person-times caliper and Pentacam HR (- 0.573, 0.298) and the triple person-times caliper and UBM (- 1.15, - 0.605). This indicated a strong agreement between the triple person-times caliper and Pentacam HR and a lack of agreement between the triple person-times caliper and UBM. Triple person-times caliper measurements offer excellent maneuverability, practicality, and reliable outcomes for determining ICL vaults. Measurements obtained using the triple-person caliper were less differece than those obtained using the Pentacam HR.

The comparison of corneal higher-order aberration and surgically induced astigmatism between the clear corneal incision and the limbus tunnel incision of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens implantation.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the corneal high-order aberrations and surgically induced astigmatism between the clear corneal incision and limbus tunnel incision for posterior chamber implantable collamer lens (ICL/TICL) implantation. METHODS: A total of 127 eyes from 73 myopic patients underwent ICL V4c implantation, with 70 eyes receiving clear corneal incisions and 57 eyes receiving limbus tunnel incisions. The anterior and back corneal surfaces were measured and the Root Mean Square of all activated aberrations (TRMS) was calculated, including higher-order aberration (HOA RMS), spherical aberration Z40, coma coefficients (Coma RMS) Z3-1 Z31, and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). The measurements were taken preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. In this study, the corneal higher-order aberration was estimated as the Zernike coefficient calculated up to 5th order. The measurements were taken at a maximum diameter of 6.5 mm using Pentacam. RESULTS: One week after the operation, the corneal back Z31 of the clear corneal incision group was 0.06 ± 0.06, while the limbus tunnel incision group showed a measurement of 0.05 ± 0.06 (p = 0.031). The corneal back Z40 of the clear corneal incision group was -0.02 ± 0.25, compared to -0.04 ± 0.21 in the limbus tunnel incision group (p = 0.01). One month after the operation, the corneal back SIA of the clear corneal incision group was 0.11 ± 0.11, compared to 0.08 ± 0.11of the limbus tunnel incision group (p = 0.013), the corneal total SIA of the clear corneal incision group was 0.33 ± 0.30, compared to 0.15 ± 0.16 in the limbus tunnel incision group (p = 0.004); the clear corneal incision group exhibited higher levels of back astigmatism and total SIA than the limbus tunnel incision in the post-operation one month period. During the 6- month post-operative follow-up period, no significant difference in Z31, Z40, and other HOA RMS data was observed between the two groups. The total SIA of the corneal incision group and the limbus tunnel incision group were 0.24 ± 0.14 and 0.33 ± 0.32, respectively (p = 0.393), showing no significant difference between the two groups 6 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: Our data showed no significant difference in the high-order aberration and SIA between clear corneal incision and limbus tunnel incision up to 6 months after ICL-V4c implantation.

Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular dimensions and function in newborns with omphalocele and pulmonary.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle (LV) in relation to the outcomes of omphalocele neonates with pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted among omphalocele patients with PH born from 2019 to 2020. Patients in this study did not have additional severe malformations or chromosomal aberrations. Patients who died under palliative care were excluded. The echocardiographic parameters of LV were obtained within 24 h after birth. Clinical and outcomes data were recorded, echocardiograms evaluated for left ventricular internal dimension in end-diastole (LVIDd), end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output index (CI), among others. RESULTS: There were 18 omphalocele newborns with PH, of whom 14 survived and 4 died. Both groups were comparable in the baseline characteristics. Non-survival was associated with a smaller LV [LVIDd (12.2 mm versus15.7 mm, p < 0.05), EDV (3.5 ml versus 6.8 ml, p < 0.05)] and with worse systolic function [SV (2.3 ml versus 4.2 ml, p < 0.05), and CI (1.7 L/min/m2 versus 2.9 L/min/m2, p < 0.01)]. CONCLUSION: In the cohort of omphalocele patients with PH, lower LVIDd, EDV, SV and CI were associated with mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

[Risk factors and prognosis of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants]. / è¶ æ—©äº§å„¿ç”ŸåŽ72 hå† ä½Žè¡€åŽ‹å‘ç”Ÿçš„å±é™©å› ç´ åŠé¢„åŽåˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of extremely preterm infants admitted to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2019 to April 2022. Based on the presence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth, the eligible infants were divided into a hypotension group (41 cases) and a normotension group (82 cases). The clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters within 72 hours after birth, and early complications were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for hypotension within 72 hours after birth, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators for the occurrence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in the preterm infants. RESULTS: The proportion of infants who required medication or surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the proportions of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage ≥ grade III and severe pulmonary hemorrhage, and the mortality rate within 7 days in the hypotension group were significantly higher than those in the normotension group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower birth weight, larger PDA diameter, and hemodynamically significant PDA were risk factors for the occurrence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combination of birth weight, PDA diameter, and hemodynamically significant PDA had an area under the curve of 0.873 (95%CI: 0.802-0.944, P<0.05) for predicting hypotension within 72 hours after birth, with a sensitivity of 73.2% and specificity of 91.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Hypotension within 72 hours after birth is closely related to birth weight and PDA, and increases the risk of early severe complications and mortality in extremely preterm infants.

Concurrent chemotherapy using taxane plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in high-risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with suboptimal response to induction chemotherapy.

Background: Detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels and unsatisfactory tumor response to induction chemotherapy (IC) could be used to guide the risk-adapted treatment strategy of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) before concurrent chemoradiotherapy. We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemotherapy using taxane plus cisplatin [double-agent concurrent chemotherapy (DACC) group] with those of cisplatin alone [single-agent concurrent chemotherapy (SACC) group] in high-risk LANPC. Methods: Overall, 197 LANPC patients with detectable EBV DNA or stable disease (SD) after IC were retrospectively included. Potential confounders between the DACC and SACC groups were adjusted by propensity score matching. Short-term efficacy and long-term survival were assessed in the two groups. Results: Although the objective response rate of the DACC group was marginally higher than that of the SACC group, the difference was not significant (92.7% versus 85.3%, p = 0.38). Concerning long-term survival, DACC did not show superiority to SACC after patient matching: 3-year progression-free survival: 87.8% versus 81.7%, p = 0.80; overall survival: 97.6% versus 97.3%, p = 0.48; distant metastasis-free survival: 87.8% versus 90.5%, p = 0.64, and; locoregional relapse-free survival: 92.3% versus 86.9%, p = 0.77. The incidence of grade 1-4 hematological toxicities was significantly higher in the DACC group. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size, we do not have sufficient evidence that concurrent chemotherapy using taxane plus cisplatin provides additional survival benefits in LANPC patients with an unfavorable response (detectable EBV DNA levels or SD) after IC. But concurrent taxane and cisplatin chemotherapy is associated with a higher rate of hematologic adverse events. Further clinical trials will be required to establish evidence and identify more effective treatment modalities for high-risk LANPC patients.

GuidedNet: A General CNN Fusion Framework via High-Resolution Guidance for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution.

Hyperspectral image super-resolution (HISR) is about fusing a low-resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) and a high-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI) to generate a high-resolution hyperspectral image (HR-HSI). Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based techniques have been extensively investigated for HISR yielding competitive outcomes. However, existing CNN-based methods often require a huge amount of network parameters leading to a heavy computational burden, thus, limiting the generalization ability. In this article, we fully consider the characteristic of the HISR, proposing a general CNN fusion framework with high-resolution guidance, called GuidedNet. This framework consists of two branches, including 1) the high-resolution guidance branch (HGB) that can decompose the high-resolution guidance image into several scales and 2) the feature reconstruction branch (FRB) that takes the low-resolution image and the multiscaled high-resolution guidance images from the HGB to reconstruct the high-resolution fused image. GuidedNet can effectively predict the high-resolution residual details that are added to the upsampled HSI to simultaneously improve spatial quality and preserve spectral information. The proposed framework is implemented using recursive and progressive strategies, which can promote high performance with a significant network parameter reduction, even ensuring network stability by supervising several intermediate outputs. Additionally, the proposed approach is also suitable for other resolution enhancement tasks, such as remote sensing pansharpening and single-image super-resolution (SISR). Extensive experiments on simulated and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework generates state-of-the-art outcomes for several applications (i.e., HISR, pansharpening, and SISR). Finally, an ablation study and more discussions assessing, for example, the network generalization, the low computational cost, and the fewer network parameters, are provided to the readers. The code link is: https://github.com/Evangelion09/GuidedNet.

An interpretable machine-learning model for predicting the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for closing hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used in the closure of ductus arteriosus in premature infants. We aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting the efficacy of NSAIDs for closing hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm infants. Methods: We assessed 182 preterm infants ≤ 30 weeks of gestational age first treated with NSAIDs to close hsPDA. According to the treatment outcome, patients were divided into a "success" group and "failure" group. Variables for analysis were demographic features, clinical features, as well as laboratory and echocardiographic parameters within 72 h before medication use. We developed the machine-learning model using random forests. Model performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Variable-importance and marginal-effect plots were constructed to explain the predictive model. The model was validated using an external cohort of two preterm infants who received ibuprofen (p.o.) to treat hsPDA. Results: Eighty-three cases (45.6%) were in the success group and 99 (54.4%) in the failure group. Infants in the success group were associated with maternal chorioamnionitis (p = 0.002), multiple births (p = 0.007), gestational age at birth (p = 0.020), use of indometacin (p = 0.007), use of inotropic agents (p < 0.001), noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001), plasma albumin level (p < 0.001), PDA size (p = 0.038) and Vmax (p = 0.013). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that maternal chorioamnionitis, multiple births, use of indomethacin, use of inotropic agents, plasma albumin level, and PDA size were independent risk factors influencing the efficacy of NSAIDs (p < 0.05). The AUC of the random forest model was 0.792. The top-three features contributing most to the model in the variable-importance plot were the plasma albumin level and platelet count 72 h before treatment and 24-h urine volume before treatment. In the external cohort, treatment succeeded in one case and failed in the other. The probabilities of success and failure predicted by the random forest model were 60.2% and 48.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features before first-time NSAIDs treatment, we constructed an interpretable machine-learning model, which has a certain reference value for predicting the closure of hsPDA in premature infants under 30 weeks of gestational age.

Dictionary Learning With Low-Rank Coding Coefficients for Tensor Completion.

In this article, we propose a novel tensor learning and coding model for third-order data completion. The aim of our model is to learn a data-adaptive dictionary from given observations and determine the coding coefficients of third-order tensor tubes. In the completion process, we minimize the low-rankness of each tensor slice containing the coding coefficients. By comparison with the traditional predefined transform basis, the advantages of the proposed model are that: 1) the dictionary can be learned based on the given data observations so that the basis can be more adaptively and accurately constructed and 2) the low-rankness of the coding coefficients can allow the linear combination of dictionary features more effectively. Also we develop a multiblock proximal alternating minimization algorithm for solving such tensor learning and coding model and show that the sequence generated by the algorithm can globally converge to a critical point. Extensive experimental results for real datasets such as videos, hyperspectral images, and traffic data are reported to demonstrate these advantages and show that the performance of the proposed tensor learning and coding method is significantly better than the other tensor completion methods in terms of several evaluation metrics.

Risk factors and prognosis of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of extremely preterm infants admitted to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2019 to April 2022. Based on the presence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth, the eligible infants were divided into a hypotension group (41 cases) and a normotension group (82 cases). The clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters within 72 hours after birth, and early complications were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for hypotension within 72 hours after birth, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of relevant indicators for the occurrence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in the preterm infants.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of infants who required medication or surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the proportions of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage ≥ grade III and severe pulmonary hemorrhage, and the mortality rate within 7 days in the hypotension group were significantly higher than those in the normotension group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower birth weight, larger PDA diameter, and hemodynamically significant PDA were risk factors for the occurrence of hypotension within 72 hours after birth in extremely preterm infants (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combination of birth weight, PDA diameter, and hemodynamically significant PDA had an area under the curve of 0.873 (95%CI: 0.802-0.944, P<0.05) for predicting hypotension within 72 hours after birth, with a sensitivity of 73.2% and specificity of 91.5%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hypotension within 72 hours after birth is closely related to birth weight and PDA, and increases the risk of early severe complications and mortality in extremely preterm infants.

CoNoT: Coupled Nonlinear Transform-Based Low-Rank Tensor Representation for Multidimensional Image Completion.

Recently, the transform-based tensor nuclear norm (TNN) methods have shown promising performance and drawn increasing attention in tensor completion (TC) problems. The main idea of these methods is to exploit the low-rank structure of frontal slices of the tensor under the transform. However, the transforms in TNN methods usually treat all modes equally and do not consider the different traits of different modes (i.e., spatial and spectral/temporal modes). To address this problem, we suggest a new low-rank tensor representation based on the coupled nonlinear transform (called CoNoT) for a better low-rank approximation. Concretely, spatial and spectral/temporal transforms in the CoNoT, respectively, exploit the different traits of different modes and are coupled together to boost the implicit low-rank structure. Here, we use the convolutional neural network (CNN) as the CoNoT, which can be learned solely from an observed multidimensional image in an unsupervised manner. Based on this low-rank tensor representation, we build a new multidimensional image completion model. Moreover, we also propose an enhanced version (called Ms-CoNoT) to further exploit the spatial multiscale nature of real-world data. Extensive experiments on real-world data substantiate the superiority of the proposed models against many state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Giant omphalocele associated pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study.

Background: Omphalocele is a common congenital defect of the abdominal wall, management of giant omphalocele (GO) is particularly for pediatric surgeons and neonatologists worldwide. The current study aimed to review and summarize the clinical features and prognosis in neonates with GO complicated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is associated with increased mortality, while in hospital. Materials and methods: Medical records of infants with GO between July 2015 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients enrolled were divided into PH and non-PH groups based on the presence or absence of PH, and patients with PH were divided into death and survival groups based on survival status. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups, respectively. The risk factors for PH were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results: In total, 67 neonates were identified as having GO and 24 (35.8%) were complicated with PH. Infants with PH were associated with intubation within 24 h after birth (p = 0.038), pulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.020), presence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; p = 0.028), a staged operation (p = 0.002), longer mechanical ventilation days (p < 0.001), oxygen requirement days (p < 0.001), parenteral nutrition (PN) days (p < 0.001), length of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or hospital stay (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively), and mortality (p = 0.001). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a staged operation was independently associated with PH. In addition, PH patients with lower birth weight, higher peak of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, and refractory to pulmonary vasodilators (PVD) had increased mortality. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication and significantly increases the mortality and morbidities in infants with a GO. In addition, early and serial assessment of PH by echocardiography should be a routine screening scheme, especially in the neonatal omphalocele population who required a staged surgical repair. Clinicians should be aware that infants with PH who had low weight, severe and refractory PH have a higher risk of death.

Delayed diffuse lamellar keratitis after small-incision lenticule extraction related to immunoglobulin A nephropathy: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a complication of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). This condition can also develop after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with a distinctive appearance. We report the case involving a female patient with delayed onset DLK accompanied by immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. CASE SUMMARY: A 22-year-old woman was referred to our department for DLK and a decline in vision 1 mo after undergoing SMILE. The initial examination showed grade 2 DLK in the flap involving the central visual axis of the right eye. She was immediately administered with a large dose of a topical steroid for 30 d. However, the treatment was ineffective. Her vision deteriorated from 10/20 to 6/20, and DLK gradually worsened from grade 2 to 4. Eventually, interface washout was performed, after which her vision improved. DLK completely disappeared 2 mo after washout. Six months after SMILE, the patient was diagnosed with IgA nephropathy due to a 4-year history of interstitial hematuria. CONCLUSION: DLK is a typical complication of LASIK but can also develop after SMILE. Topical steroid therapy was ineffective in our patient, and interface washout was required. IgA nephropathy could be one of the factors contributing to the development of delayed DLK after SMILE.

[Timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants]. / æžä½Žå‡ºç”Ÿä½“é‡å„¿åŠ¨è„‰å¯¼ç®¡æœªé—­æ‰‹æœ¯ç»“æ‰Žæ—¶æœºçš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of timing of surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). METHODS: The medical data of VLBWI who underwent transthoracic ligation for PDA from June 2018 to May 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The infants were divided into early ligation group (≤21 days of age) and late ligation group (>21 days of age) based on the age of ligation. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative clinical features, complications, and mortality. The risk factors for early surgical ligation were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 72 VLBWI were enrolled, with 19 infants (26%) in the early ligation group and 53 infants (74%) in the late ligation group. There were significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, weight at operation, days of age at operation, rates of preoperative invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, incidence rate of pulmonary hemorrhage, incidence rate of hypotension, preoperative PDA internal diameter (mm/kg), intraoperative PDA external diameter (mm/kg), incidence rate of post-ligation cardiac syndrome, and duration of postoperative invasive mechanical ventilation between the two groups (P<0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary hemorrhage was an indication of early surgical ligation of PDA (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of post-operative complications and the mortality rate between the early ligation and late ligation groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical ligation may be performed for VLBWI who are experiencing pulmonary hemorrhage and hemodynamically significant PDA confirmed by cardiac ultrasound after birth. However, post-ligation cardiac syndrome should attract enough attention. In addition, early surgical ligation of PDA does not increase the risk of surgery-related and long-term complications or death, indicating that it is a safe and feasible treatment option.

Self-Supervised Nonlinear Transform-Based Tensor Nuclear Norm for Multi-Dimensional Image Recovery.

Recently, transform-based tensor nuclear norm (TNN) minimization methods have received increasing attention for recovering third-order tensors in multi-dimensional imaging problems. The main idea of these methods is to perform the linear transform along the third mode of third-order tensors and then minimize the nuclear norm of frontal slices of the transformed tensor. The main aim of this paper is to propose a nonlinear multilayer neural network to learn a nonlinear transform by solely using the observed tensor in a self-supervised manner. The proposed network makes use of the low-rank representation of the transformed tensor and data-fitting between the observed tensor and the reconstructed tensor to learn the nonlinear transform. Extensive experimental results on different data and different tasks including tensor completion, background subtraction, robust tensor completion, and snapshot compressive imaging demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods.

Individualized clinical target volume delineation and efficacy analysis in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT): 10-year summary.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term local control, failure patterns, and toxicities after individualized clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS: Unilateral NPC was defined as a nasopharyngeal mass confined to one side of the nasopharynx and did not exceed the midline. From November 2003 to December 2017, 95 patients were retrospectively included. All patients received IMRT. The CTVs were determined based on the distance from the gross tumor. The contralateral para-pharyngeal space and skull base orifices were spared from irradiation. RESULTS: There were three local recurrences and eight regional recurrences in 10 patients during an 84-month follow-up. All local recurrences were within PGTVnx, and all in-field recurrences. No recurrences were found in traditional high-risk areas including contralateral the para-pharyngeal space and skull base orifices. The 10-year local-recurrence-free survival, regional-recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 96.2%, 90.5% and 84.7%, respectively. The dosimetry parameters of the tumor-contralateral organs were all lower than the values of the tumor-ipsilateral side (P < 0.05). The late toxicities occurred mainly in the tumor-ipsilateral organs, including radiation-induced temporal lobe injury, impaired visuality, hearing loss and subcutaneous fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Individualized CTV delineation in unilateral NPC could yield excellent long-term local control with limited out-of-field recurrences, reduced dose to tumor- contralateral organs and mild late toxicities, which is worthy of further exploration.

Exploratory Study of NPC-0501 Trial: Optimal Cisplatin Dose of Concurrent and Induction/Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The current recommendation for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, data on the optimal platinum doses for each phase of combined regimens are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 742 patients with NPC in the NPC-0501 trial treated with CRT plus IC/AC and irradiated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were analyzed. The optimal platinum dose to achieve the best overall survival (OS) in the concurrent and induction/adjuvant phases was studied. RESULTS: Evaluation of the whole series shows the optimal platinum dose was 160 mg/m2 in the concurrent and 260 mg/m2 in the induction/adjuvant phase. Repeating the analyses on 591 patients treated with cisplatin throughout (no replacement by carboplatin) confirmed the same results. The cohort with optimal platinum doses in both phases had better OS than the cohort suboptimal in both phases (stage III: 90% vs. 75%; stage IVA-B: 80% vs. 56%, at 5-year). Multivariable analyses confirmed optimal platinum doses in both phases versus suboptimal dose in each phase are significant independent factors for OS, with HR of 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-0.91] and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.48-0.94), respectively. Treatment sequence was statistically insignificant after adjusting for platinum doses. CONCLUSIONS: Both concurrent and IC/AC are needed for locoregionally advanced NPC, even for patients irradiated by IMRT; the concurrent platinum dosage could be set at ≥160 mg/m2 when coupled with adequate induction/adjuvant dosage at ≥260 mg/m2 (or at least ≥240 mg/m2). To achieve these optimal dosages, IC-CRT at conventional fractionation is favored.

Value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight infants. / ç”ŸåŽæ—©æœŸåºŠæ—å¿ƒè„è¶ å£°é¢„æµ‹æžä½Žå‡ºç”Ÿä½“é‡å„¿åŠ¨è„‰å¯¼ç®¡æŒç»­å¼€æ”¾çš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 51 VLBW infants who were admitted from March 2020 to June 2021, with an age of ≤3 days and a length of hospital stay of ≥14 days. According to the diameter of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on days 14 and 28 after birth, the infants were divided into three groups: large PDA group (PDA diameter ≥2 mm), small PDA group (PDA diameter <2 mm), and PDA closure group (PDA diameter =0 mm). The echocardiographic parameters measured at 72 hours after birth were compared among the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of the echocardiographic parameters in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA≥2 mm) at the ages of 14 and 28 days. RESULTS: On day 14 after birth, there were 17 infants in the large PDA group, 11 in the small PDA group, and 23 in the PDA closure group. On day 28 after birth, there were 14 infants in the large PDA group, 9 in the small PDA group, and 26 in the PDA closure group. There were significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, rate of pulmonary surfactant use, and incidence rate of hypotension among the three groups (P<0.05). PDA diameter, end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, left ventricular output, and left ventricular output/superior vena cava flow ratio measured at 72 hours after birth were associated with persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days (P<0.05), and the ratio of the left atrium to aorta diameter was associated with persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the age of 28 days (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve that the PDA diameter measured at 72 hours after birth predicting the persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days was the largest (0.841 and 0.927 respectively), followed by end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, with the area under the curve of 0.793 and 0.833 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The indicators obtained by beside echocardiography at 72 hours after birth, especially PDA diameter and end-diastolic velocity of the left pulmonary artery, can predict persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus at the ages of 14 and 28 days in VLBW infants, which provides a basis for the implementation of early targeted treatment strategy for PDA.

Tensor Completion via Complementary Global, Local, and Nonlocal Priors.

Completing missing entries in multidimensional visual data is a typical ill-posed problem that requires appropriate exploitation of prior information of the underlying data. Commonly used priors can be roughly categorized into three classes: global tensor low-rankness, local properties, and nonlocal self-similarity (NSS); most existing works utilize one or two of them to implement completion. Naturally, there arises an interesting question: can one concurrently make use of multiple priors in a unified way, such that they can collaborate with each other to achieve better performance? This work gives a positive answer by formulating a novel tensor completion framework which can simultaneously take advantage of the global-local-nonlocal priors. In the proposed framework, the tensor train (TT) rank is adopted to characterize the global correlation; meanwhile, two Plug-and-Play (PnP) denoisers, including a convolutional neural network (CNN) denoiser and the color block-matching and 3 D filtering (CBM3D) denoiser, are incorporated to preserve local details and exploit NSS, respectively. Then, we design a proximal alternating minimization algorithm to efficiently solve this model under the PnP framework. Under mild conditions, we establish the convergence guarantee of the proposed algorithm. Extensive experiments show that these priors organically benefit from each other to achieve state-of-the-art performance both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Multiscale Feature Tensor Train Rank Minimization for Multidimensional Image Recovery.

The general tensor-based methods can recover missing values of multidimensional images by exploiting the low-rankness on the pixel level. However, especially when considerable pixels of an image are missing, the low-rankness is not reliable on the pixel level, resulting in some details losing in their results, which hinders the performance of subsequent image applications (e.g., image recognition and segmentation). In this article, we suggest a novel multiscale feature (MSF) tensorization by exploiting the MSFs of multidimensional images, which not only helps to recover the missing values on a higher level, that is, the feature level but also benefits subsequent image applications. By exploiting the low-rankness of the resulting MSF tensor constructed by the new tensorization, we propose the convex and nonconvex MSF tensor train rank minimization (MSF-TT) to conjointly recover the MSF tensor and the corresponding original tensor in a unified framework. We develop the alternating directional method of multipliers (ADMMs) to solve the convex MSF-TT and the proximal alternating minimization (PAM) to solve the nonconvex MSF-TT. Moreover, we establish the theoretical guarantee of convergence for the PAM algorithm. Numerical examples of real-world multidimensional images show that the proposed MSF-TT outperforms other compared approaches in image recovery and the recovered MSF tensor can benefit the subsequent image recognition.

Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution via Deep Spatiospectral Attention Convolutional Neural Networks.

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are of crucial importance in order to better understand features from a large number of spectral channels. Restricted by its inner imaging mechanism, the spatial resolution is often limited for HSIs. To alleviate this issue, in this work, we propose a simple and efficient architecture of deep convolutional neural networks to fuse a low-resolution HSI (LR-HSI) and a high-resolution multispectral image (HR-MSI), yielding a high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI). The network is designed to preserve both spatial and spectral information thanks to a new architecture based on: 1) the use of the LR-HSI at the HR-MSI's scale to get an output with satisfied spectral preservation and 2) the application of the attention and pixelShuffle modules to extract information, aiming to output high-quality spatial details. Finally, a plain mean squared error loss function is used to measure the performance during the training. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed network architecture achieves the best performance (both qualitatively and quantitatively) compared with recent state-of-the-art HSI super-resolution approaches. Moreover, other significant advantages can be pointed out by the use of the proposed approach, such as a better network generalization ability, a limited computational burden, and the robustness with respect to the number of training samples. Please find the source code and pretrained models from https://liangjiandeng.github.io/Projects_Res/HSRnet_2021tnnls.html.