ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine if cancer survivors who perform physical activity (PA) during chemotherapy have improved levels of cognitive function compared to those who do not. Method: E-databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED) were searched from inception to February 4, 2020. Quantitative studies that assessed cognitive outcomes for adults with any cancer type who received chemotherapy concurrent with PA were selected. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and Newcastle-Ottawa scales. A meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Twenty-two studies (15 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 7 non-RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that combined resistance and aerobic training had a small yet statistically significant effect on social cognition compared to usual care (SMD 0.23 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.42], p = 0.020). Conclusions: Combined resistance and aerobic exercise may benefit social cognition in cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy. Due to high risk of bias and low quality of evidence of included studies, we recommend further investigation to support these findings and make specific PA recommendations.
Objectif : déterminer si les survivants du cancer qui font de l'activité physique (AP) pendant la chimiothérapie ont une meilleure fonction cognitive que ceux qui n'en font pas. Méthodologie : les chercheurs ont fouillé des bases de données électroniques (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED) à compter de leur création jusqu'au 4 avril 2020. Ils ont sélectionné les études quantitatives qui évaluaient les issues cognitives des adultes atteints de quelque type de cancer que ce soit et qui avaient été sous chimiothérapie tout en faisant de l'AP. Ils ont évalué le risque de biais au moyen des échelles RoB 2 et ROBINS-I de Cochrane et de l'échelle de Newcastle-Ottawa et ont effectué une méta-analyse au moyen de la différence moyenne standardisée (DMS). Résultats : au total, 22 études (15 essais cliniques randomisés [ÉCR] et sept essais cliniques non randomisés [non-ÉCR]) respectaient les critères d'inclusion. La méta-analyse a démontré que la combinaison d'exercices de résistance et d'exercices aérobiques avait un effet statistique petit, mais significatif, sur la cognition sociale par rapport aux soins habituels (DMS = 0,23 [IC a 95 % : 0,04, 0,42], p = 0,020). Conclusions : la combinaison d'exercices de résistance et d'exercices aérobiques peut être bénéfique à la cognition sociale des survivants du cancer sous chimiothérapie. Étant donné le risque élevé de biais et la faible qualité des données probantes des études retenues, les chercheurs recommandent de poursuivre les recherches pour appuyer ces résultats et faire des recommandations particulières en matière d'AP.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), -4 (also known as coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 [CARM1]), and -5 expression and function during acute, exercise-induced skeletal muscle remodeling in vivo. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of three experimental groups: sedentary, acute bout of exercise, or acute exercise followed by 3 h of recovery. Mice in the exercise groups performed a single bout of treadmill running at 15 m·min for 90 min. Hindlimb muscles were collected, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to examine exercise-induced gene expression. RESULTS: The PRMT gene expression and global enzyme activity were muscle-specific, generally being higher (P < 0.05) in slow, oxidative muscle, as compared with faster, more glycolytic tissue. Despite the significant activation of canonical exercise-induced signaling involving AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), PRMT expression and activity at the whole muscle level were unchanged. However, subcellular analyses revealed a significant exercise-evoked myonuclear translocation of PRMT1 before the nuclear accumulation of PGC-1α. Acute physical activity also augmented (P < 0.05) the targeted methyltransferase activities of the PRMT in the myonuclear compartment, suggesting that PRMT-mediated histone arginine methylation is part of the early signals that drive muscle plasticity. Finally, basal PGC-1α asymmetric dimethylarginine status, as well as constitutive interactions between PGC-1α and PRMT1 or CARM1 may contribute to the exercise-induced muscle remodeling process. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the first evidence that PRMT activity is selectively augmented during the initial activation of exercise-induced skeletal muscle remodeling in vivo. These data support the emergence of PRMTs as important players in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity.
