[A case of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroid surgery under intraoperative nerve monitoring].

A 66-year-old woman suffering from Basedow disease had total thyroidectomy under intraoperative monitoring (IOM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) using Medtronic Xomed Nerve Integrity Monitor-2 (Medotronic, Mineapolice, Minesota, USA). IOM indicated a positive signal for her right RLN while the signal for her left RLN disappeared during the operation. During the surgery, surgeons identified her left RLN which was anatomically intact. During the attempted extubation of the endotracheal tube, the patient experienced severe dyspnea resulting in re-intubation. Fiber-optic examination revealed bilateral vocal cord immobility. On POD3, dysfunction of her vocal cord continued, therefore, she had tracheotomy With long-term follow up, her vocal cord function returned to normal on POD37 and tracheotomy tube was removed. In conclusion, positive signals of IOM are not always correlated with proper function of vocal cord. Therefore, respiratory condition should be carefully observed during postoperative period.

Cerebral fat embolism diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging at one, eight, and 50 days after hip arthroplasty: a case report.

PURPOSE: To describe cardiovascular collapse during a cemented hip hemiarthroplasty in a patient who, despite a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, remained in a persistent vegetative state due to cerebral fat embolism diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CLINICAL FEATURES: A 75-yr-old woman with no medical history underwent cemented hip hemiarthroplasty under spinal anesthesia for a right femoral neck fracture. Shortly after insertion of the prosthesis, a sudden oxygen desaturation, hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest occurred. The patient was successfully resuscitated, but did not regain consciousness. The patient developed high-grade fever, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and oliguria. MRI scans of the brain revealed multiple high intensity signals throughout the white matter, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The diagnosis of fat embolism was made on the basis of clinical findings and MRI images. Although her cardiorespiratory status improved over the next week, the patient remained in a persistent vegetative state. CONCLUSION: When fat embolism is suspected, serial MRI scans of the brain should be performed to diagnose the etiology of cerebral embolism as well as to evaluate the severity of brain damage.

Less invasive surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants.

Minimally invasive surgery is widely used in pediatric surgery. Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) are literally so fragile to surgical stress that the minimum invasive procedures should be required. We report 15 ELBWI cases with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), who underwent surgical closure. All of them had failed treatment with indomethacin to close PDA or had contraindicated to its use. The mean gestational age at birth was 26.0+/-2.7 weeks (24-34 weeks) and birth weight 702+/-140 g (479-966 g). The mean age at operation was 23+/-11 days (2-48 days) and body weight at operation 679+/-151 g (428-969 g). The surgery-related mortality was none. No complications were also encountered. Our surgical procedures consist of 2 modalities, one is clipping PDA, not ligation. Clipping technique attributes to minimize the dissection of surrounding tissue of PDA. The other is posterolateral muscle sparing thoracotomy, which would reduce long-term physical impairment and deformity. We believe our surgical technique can be accomplished safely and would be an alternative approach for ELBWI with a lower probability of PDA closure with indomethacin or an increased risk of complications for medical treatment.