ABSTRACT
The n-hexane soluble and the nonsaponifiable lipid fractions of the edible flower extract of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) were investigated for triterpene diol and triol constituents. These triterpenes occur as the 3-O-fatty acid esters in the n-hexane soluble fraction from which 26 new and 6 known fatty acid esters were isolated and characterized. From the nonsaponifiable lipid fraction, 24 triterpene diols and triols were isolated, of which 3 were new compounds: (24S)-25-methoxycycloartane-3beta,24-diol (11), (24S)-25-methoxycycloartane-3beta,24,28-triol (22), and 22alpha-methoxyfaradiol (23). Faradiol (9) and heliantriol C (19), present in the nonsaponifiable lipid fraction and as the 3-O-palmitoyl esters in the n-hexane soluble fraction, were the most predominant triterpene diol and triol constituents. Fourteen triterpene diols and triols and 9 fatty acid esters were evaluated with respect to their anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. All of the triterpenes examined showed marked inhibitory activity, with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 0.03-1.0 mg/ear, which was more inhibitive than quercetin (ID50 = 1.6 mg/ear), a known inhibitor of TPA-induced inflammation in mice.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Edible/chemistry , Triterpenes/analysis , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fatty Acids , Inflammation/chemically induced , MiceABSTRACT
The Deltadelta (deltaS-deltaR) values for the C-1 methyl 1H signals in the 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the bis-MTPA esters of four synthetic stereoisomers of alkane-6,8-diols, viz., bis-MTPA esters of (6S,8R)-C27- (1a) and C29- (3a) (Deltadelta = -0.05 ppm), (6R,8S)-C27- (2a) and C29- (4a) (Deltadelta = +0.05 ppm), (6S,8S)-C27- (5a) (Deltadelta = -0.01 ppm), and (6R,8R)-C27- (6a) (Deltadelta = +0.01 ppm) alkane-6,8-diols, made it possible to differentiate unequivocally among the four stereoisomers. This allowed the determination of the (6S,8R)-stereochemistry (Deltadelta = -0.05 ppm for the bis-MTPA esters) for the natural C27- and C29-alkane-6,8-diols isolated from the flowers of three Compositae plants, Carthamus tinctorius, Cynara cardanclus, and Taraxacum platycarpum.
Subject(s)
Alkanes/chemistry , Asteraceae/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The anti-inflammatory activity of euphol, twelve other triterpene alcohols and sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the roots of Euphorbia kansui, has been evaluated in mice with inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA (1.7 nmol; 1.0 microg/ear) was dissolved in acetone and 10 microL delivered to the inner and outer surfaces of the right ear of ICR mice. A triterpene alcohol, sterol glucoside or vehicle (20 microL; chloroform-methanol 1:1), was applied topically approximately 30 min before each TPA treatment. The ear thickness was measured before treatment and then oedema was measured 6 h after TPA treatment. For the two-stage carcinogenesis experiment, initiation was accomplished by administration of a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA; 195 nmol; 50 microg/mouse) to the shaved backs of mice. Promotion was with 1.7 nmol (1.0 microg) TPA, applied twice weekly to the same shaved area, begun one week after the initiation. Euphol (2.0 micromol; 853 microg), or its vehicle (acetone-dimethylsulphoxide, 9:1; 100 microL), was applied topically 30 min before each TPA treatment. The number and diameter of skin tumours were measured every other week for 20 weeks. All the compounds were found to possess marked inhibitory activity and their 50% inhibitory dose for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.2-1.0 mg/ear. Topical application of euphol (2.0 micromol; 853 microg/mouse) markedly suppressed the tumour-promoting effect of TPA (1.7 nmol; 1.0 microg/mouse) in mouse skin initiated with DMBA.
Subject(s)
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/antagonists & inhibitors , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinogens/antagonists & inhibitors , Lanosterol/analogs & derivatives , Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Triterpenes/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Alcohols/therapeutic use , Animals , Ear , Female , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/prevention & control , Lanosterol/therapeutic use , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Two new anti-allergic compounds, torososide B and torosachrysone 8-O-6"-malonyl gentiobioside were isolated from the seeds of Cassia torosa Cav., and their structures were established as physcion 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and torosachrysone 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-6-malonyl beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Torososide B and torosachrysone 8-O-6"-malonyl gentiobioside were found to inhibit the release of leucotrienes from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by calcium ionophore A 23187.
Subject(s)
Anti-Allergic Agents/chemistry , Cassia/chemistry , Disaccharides/chemistry , Leukotriene Antagonists/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Animals , Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology , Carbohydrate Sequence , Depression, Chemical , Disaccharides/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Leukotriene Antagonists/isolation & purification , Leukotriene Antagonists/pharmacology , Leukotrienes/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Mast Cells/drug effects , Mast Cells/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligosaccharides/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Two new limonoids, toosendanal and 12-O-methylvolkensin, were isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. along with three known limonoids, meliatoxin B1, trichillin H, and toosendanin. The structures of the new limonoids were established by spectroscopic methods, with toosendanal having C-1/C-29 and C-19/C-29 acetal bridges. Both meliatoxin B1 and toosendanin exhibit cytotoxic activity against KB cells.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Triterpenes/chemistry , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice was observed in the methanol extract of rice bran and gamma-oryzanol. The active components of rice bran, sitosterol ferulate, 24-methylcholesterol ferulate, cycloartenol ferulate and 24-methylenecycloartanol ferulate inhibited markedly the TPA-induced inflammation in mice. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.2-0.3 mg/ear. Furthermore, cycloartenol ferulate markedly inhibited the tumor-promoting effect of TPA in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mice.
Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use , Cocarcinogenesis , Oryza/chemistry , Phytosterols/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Animals , Carcinogens , Dermatitis, Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Contact/prevention & control , Female , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Phenylpropionates/therapeutic use , Skin/drug effects , Sterols/therapeutic use , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate , TriterpenesABSTRACT
Two new naphthopyrones, cassiasides B2 (1) and C2 (2), were isolated from the seeds (Cassiae Semen) of Cassia obtusifolia L. The structures of the two new compounds 1 and 2 were established as rubrofusarin 6-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and toralactone 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 2 was found to inhibit the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate mast cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction.
Subject(s)
Anti-Allergic Agents/analysis , Cassia/chemistry , Histamine Release/drug effects , Oligosaccharides/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Pyrones/pharmacology , Animals , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Carbohydrate Sequence , Exudates and Transudates/cytology , Exudates and Transudates/drug effects , Exudates and Transudates/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Mast Cells/drug effects , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligosaccharides/isolation & purification , Pyrones/isolation & purification , Rats , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
The structure of a new triterpene derivative isolated from Poria cocos was determined to be 3 beta-p-hydroxybenzoyldehydrotumulosic acid by spectral and chemical methods. 3 beta-p-hydroxybenzoyldehydrotumulosic acid showed marked inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear inflammation in mice. The 50% inhibitory doses of 3 beta-p-hydroxybenzoyldehydrotumulosic acid were 0.27 and 1.25 mg per ear on TPA- and AA-induced inflammation, respectively.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Triterpenes/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification , Arachidonic Acid , Female , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Japan , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate , Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Triterpenes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Two hydroxy taraxastane-type triterpenes, faradiol and heliantriol C, have been isolated from the ligulate flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. var. sinense Makino fa. esculentum Makino, the edible Chrysanthemum. These compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-aetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. At 0.2 µmol/mouse, these compounds markedly inhibited the promoting effect of TPA (1 µg/mouse) on skin tumor formation followed by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50 µg/mouse).
ABSTRACT
Eleven tabular and nine ligulate flowers from 15 species of Compositae plants were investigated for their triterpene alcohol constituents. This led to the isolation and identification of 11 triterpene alcohols as follows: heliaol, taraxasterol, psi-taraxasterol, alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, lupeol, taraxerol, cycloartenol, 24-methyl-enecycloartanol, tirucalla-7,24-dienol and dammaradienol. The tabular flowers of Calendula officinalis, Carthamus tinctorius, Cosmos bipinnatus, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Helianthus annuus and Matricaria matricarioides showed a characteristic feature by containing helianol as the most predominant component (29-86%) in the triterpene alcohol fractions. The triterpene alcohols from Compositae flowers were evaluated with respect to their anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation (1 microgram per ear) in mice. All of these showed marked inhibitory activity, and their 50% inhibitory dose was 0.1-0.8 mg per ear.
Subject(s)
Alcohols/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification , Plants/chemistry , Alcohols/pharmacology , Alcohols/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Ten dihydroxy- and trihydroxy triterpenes, viz., four taraxastanes: faradiol, heliantriol B0, heliantriol C and arnidiol; two lupanes: calenduladiol and heliantriol B2; two oleananes: maniladiol and longispinogenin; and two ursanes: brein and uvaol, isolated from the nonsaponifiable lipids of the flower extracts of Compositae plants were evaluated with respect to their anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. All the triterpenes were found to possess marked inhibitory activity. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds with respect to TPA-inflammation (1 microgram) was 0.03-0.2 mg/ear.
Subject(s)
Inflammation/chemically induced , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Triterpenes/chemical synthesis , Animals , Mice , Plants , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology , Triterpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Pachymic acid, 3-O-acetyl-16 alpha-hydroxytrametenolic acid, and poricoic acid B had been isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos Wolf. These compounds showed a strong inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation in mice. At 0.2 mumol/mouse, these compounds markedly inhibited the promoting effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (1 microgram/mouse) on skin tumor formation following initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50 micrograms/mouse).
Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinogens , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate , Triterpenes/therapeutic use , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Administration, Topical , Animals , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Two taraxastane-type hydroxy triterpenes, taraxasterol and faradiol, isolated from the flowers of Compositae plants Cynara scolymus (artichoke) and Chrysanthemum morifilolium (chrysanthemum), respectively, showed strong inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. At 2.0 mumol/mouse, these compounds inhibited markedly the tumor-promoting effect of TPA (1 microgram/mouse) on skin tumor formation following initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (50 micrograms/mouse).
Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Carcinogens/toxicity , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Sterols/pharmacology , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/toxicity , Triterpenes/pharmacology , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity , Animals , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/prevention & control , Female , Inflammation , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , VegetablesABSTRACT
Monascus pigment was extracted from red malted rice, Monascus anka. It has been used as coloring matter for foodstuffs in Japan and certain Asian countries. Oral administration of Monascus pigment suppressed the tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mice following initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
Subject(s)
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/antagonists & inhibitors , Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use , Cocarcinogenesis , Pigments, Biological/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Carcinogens , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Skin Neoplasms/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice was observed in the methanol extract of Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga. The hexane soluble fraction obtained from the methanol extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity from which were isolated two delta(5,7)-sterols (ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol), two delta(5,7,9(11))-sterols [7,9(11)-dehydroergosterol and 7,9(11)-bisdehydroporiferasterol], two 5 alpha, 8 alpha-epidioxy-delta(6)-sterols (ergosterol peroxide and 7-dehydroporiferasterol peroxide), and a 7-oxo-delta(5)-sterol (7-oxocholesterol), among others. The delta 5'7-sterols, 5 alpha, 8 alpha-epidioxy-delta(6)-sterols and 7-oxo-delta 5-sterol inhibited TPA-induced inflammation in mice. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.2-0.7 mg/ear. Furthermore, ergosterol peroxide markedly inhibited the tumor-promoting effect of TPA in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mice.
Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Chlorella/chemistry , Skin/drug effects , Sterols/pharmacology , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/pharmacology , Animals , Carcinogens/antagonists & inhibitors , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Cell Extracts/chemistry , Cell Extracts/pharmacology , Chromatography , Ergosterol/analogs & derivatives , Ergosterol/pharmacology , Ergosterol/therapeutic use , Female , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/prevention & control , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Molecular Structure , Skin Diseases/chemically induced , Skin Diseases/prevention & control , Sterols/chemistry , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Three cytotoxic cardenolides, acovenosigenin A 3-O-alpha-L-ramnopyranoside (1), euonymoside A (2) and euonymusoside A (3), were isolated from the woods of Euonymus alata (Celastraceae). The chemical structure of a new cardenolide, euonymusoside A (3) has been elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and enzymic hydrolysis to be acovenosigenin A (1 beta, 3 beta, 14 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cardenolide) 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. All three showed potent cytotoxic activity against some neoplastic cell lines.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Cardenolides/isolation & purification , Digitoxigenin/analogs & derivatives , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Cardenolides/pharmacology , Digitoxigenin/isolation & purification , Digitoxigenin/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mice , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Erythro-alkane-6,8-diols were isolated from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius. 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 1 microgram/ear), a tumor-promoting agent, was applied to the ears of mice to induce inflammation. Of 8 alkane-6,8-diols assayed, the C27, C31, C32, C33 and C35 alkane diols inhibited the inflammation. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 0.5-0.7 mg/ear. However, C21, C23 and C25 alkane-6,8-diols were found to have no effect. Furthermore, the mixture of erythro-alkane-6,8-diols from the flowers of C. tinctorius markedly suppressed the promoting effect of TPA on skin tumor formation in mice following initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Carcinogens , Drug Eruptions/prevention & control , Fatty Alcohols/pharmacology , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Animals , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Skin Neoplasms/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The oxygenated stigmastane-type sterols stigmastane-3 beta, 6 alpha-diol, stigmastane-3 beta, 6 beta-diol, 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol and its diacetyl derivative, 7 beta-hydroxysitosterol and its diacetyl derivative, 7-oxositosterol, 4 beta-hydroxysitosterol, and stigmast-4-ene-3 beta, 6 beta-diol were evaluated with respect to their anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. All of the sterols, with the exception of 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol and its diacetyl derivative, were found to possess marked inhibitory activity. The 50% inhibitory dose of these compounds for TPA-inflammation (1 microgram) was 0.5--1.0 mg/ear.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Inflammation/prevention & control , Phytosterols/pharmacology , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Ear, External , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/pathology , Edema/prevention & control , Female , Inflammation/chemically induced , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/toxicitySubject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinogens , Fatty Alcohols/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Animals , Chemoprevention , Fatty Alcohols/chemistry , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Tetradecanoylphorbol AcetateABSTRACT
We report the inhibitory effect of topical application of extracts of a traditional Chinese herbal prescription on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. Methanol and water extracts obtained from 22 traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions were assayed and their inhibition ratios calculated. In general, the methanol extracts produced more effective inhibition than the water extracts. Of the various traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions, the methanol extract of Rikkunshi-to was more effective than other prescriptions as far as inhibition of TPA-induced inflammation was concerned. Hoelen, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, components of Rikkunshi-to markedly inhibited the inflammatory activity involved by TPA in mice. Furthermore, topical application of the methanol extract of Rikkunshi-to markedly inhibited TPA-induced tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.