A survey of US medical education in otolaryngology.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing amount and complexity of medical information, medical schools are challenged with incorporating surgical subspecialty education, such as otolaryngology (OTO), into a time-limited curriculum. OBJECTIVES: To understand the state of OTO education in US medical schools and to generate a discussion of the role of surgical subspecialty education in the medical school curriculum. DESIGN: Mail survey and follow-up letter and telephone survey conducted in 2000 to 2001. PARTICIPANTS: Academic faculty at each of the 125 US medical schools. RESULTS: Responses were obtained from all 122 OTO programs associated with the 125 US medical schools with Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited programs. One third (33.6%) of the schools have a required rotation in OTO in the clinical years, with others offering elective rotations; only 5.2% offered no exposure in the third year of medical school. Most schools offer some OTO in the first 2 years; 71.1% and 87.2% taught OTO in the first and second years, respectively, mostly in anatomy and physical diagnosis. In the fourth year, almost 68.9% of schools reported student participation in an OTO elective. CONCLUSION: Most medical schools in the United States offer some teaching and clinical exposure to OTO, with considerable variability in the type of experience.

The role of free radicals in chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an increased amount of free radical-mediated damage in diseased vs healthy tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. DESIGN: Pathophysiologic study. Samples of heathly and diseased tissue were taken from each patient. Lipid peroxides (LPOs) are a by-product of free radical-mediated damage; LPO levels and LPO/protein ratios were determined for each patient. SUBJECTS: Consecutive series of 13 human subjects undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery to treat chronic rhinosinusitis. RESULTS: The mean LPO/protein ratio for healthy tissue was 3.52 x 10(-5), while that for the diseased tissue was 3.49 x 10(-5). There was no statistically significant difference in the LPO/protein ratio between healthy and diseased tissue (95% confidence interval, -3.00 x 10(-5) to 2.94 x 10(-5)). CONCLUSION: Free radical-induced damage, if present, was the same in infected and control tissues in this pilot investigation into the pathophysiologic characteristics of human chronic rhinosinusitis.