[Salutogenesis--the extension of physician's capabilities]. / Salutogeneza--rozszerzenie mozliwosci dla lekarza.

Changes in medicine are not only technical but are also relating to people's awareness. The biomedical model is not sufficient to explain the various phenomena and processes of health and disease. Actually the most popular is the holistic approach. In the salutogenesis model, the essential issue is not the disease but the health. In this approach, among numerous variables, the most important is the sense of coherence (SOC) - the personal variability, the key to health. The psychological problems which are essential in Antonovsky's theory, refer to the physicians. Many of the contemporary researches refere to the medicine and psychology. The salutogenesis can be used in medicine as the extension of doctor's and patient's capabilities but not instead of medicine.

[Emotional and psychosomatic disorders]. / Zaburzenia emocjonalne i psychosomatyka.

The authors made the review of literature in the field of the emotional processes. Both the increase and the decrease in emotional tension can cause disturbances in the neuro-vegetative system. Neurophisiologial examinations show that the emotions lead to the hypothalamus activation which can cause the defensive visceral, motoric and neurohormonal reactions. The long-lasting emotions lead to disturbance in homeostasis processes which can cause the functional disorders in systems and organs or psychosomatic diseases. The explanation of these processes needs to be related to the functioning of the neurvous emotional mechanisms.

[Causes and consequences of frequent hospitalization among schizophrenic patients]. / Przyczyny i skutki wielokrotnych hospitalizacji w szpitalu psychiatrycznym chorujacych na schizofrenie.

UNLABELLED: Schizophrenia is one of the most frequent mental diseases. The probability of being taken ill with this psychosis among the whole population is 1%. Frequent hospitalizations of schizophrenic patients prevent them from normal and effective functioning in a society. AIM OF THE STUDY: Conducted research had an aim to isolate and define the risk factors of rehospitalization among schizophrenic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the research, the authors used their own questionnaire which provided the demographic, social and medical data. The research was based on archival case histories of schizophrenic people who were the patients of a mental hospital. The research was conducted among 65 people (27 women, 38 men) who were hospitalized more than 15 times in the schizophrenic treatment. RESULTS: Psychiatric rehospitalizations in schizophrenia are conditioned not only by medical factors connected with the disease itself, but also by demographic and social factors. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The decisive role in rehospitalization of schizophrenia patients plays a small availability of alternative psychiatric care in the patients' dwelling place as well as the lack of regularity in the continuation on treatment after leaving the mental hospital. 2. Patients' family status, relationship with family and friends and the level of acceptance and understanding of their disease decline the risk of rehospitalization. 3. The greatest risk of rehospitalization is among people from the lowest class--lonely, young men with primary or vocational secondary education, having no permanent employment.

Quality of life and emotional functioning in selected psychosomatic diseases.

BACKGROUND: Disease and its treatment may affect a patient not only in the physical, but also in the psychological and social spheres. Quality of life (QOL) is a global concept which should include mental and social actions, physical activities, and the beneficial aspects of a good physical and mental condition as well as negative ones caused by disease and infirmity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between emotional functioning and QOL among people diagnosed with coronary disease, hypertension, or gastric and/or duodenal ulcer. MATERIAL/METHODS: A group of 180 male patients hospitalized during 1999-2002 at the Military Medical Academy Hospital in Lódz was subjected to examinations. The Emotional Control Questionnaire by Brzezinski was applied together with the SF-36 Quality of Life Test. The psychometric techniques used in the examinations allowed determining statistically significant relationships between QOL level and emotional excitability, emotional expression control, and situation control. RESULTS: 1) The QOL level of the psychosomatic patients was essentially lower compared with that of healthy people. 2) QOL was strictly related to the emotional functioning of the subjects. 3) There was no essential diversity in the range of emotional functioning among the patients. 4) QOL of the patients suffering from gastric ulcer was on average a little higher than that of patients with coronary disease.

[Depression and pain in arthrosis of spine and hip in elderly patients]. / Depresja i ból w przebiegu choroby zwyrodnieniowej kregoslupa i stawu biodrowego w wieku podeszlym.

UNLABELLED: Various pain complaints are the most frequent symptoms in depression. However neither ICD-10 nor DSM-IV do not treat the pain as an essential and vital indicator of depression. There is also lack of works which describe shown above relation. AIM: The aim of our research determines the connection between the intensity of depression symptoms and pain perception in elderly patients who are treated for pain in arthrosis of spine and arthrosis of hip. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was conducted in a group of 60 patients. The whole group was divided into two subgroups: group A (30 people with arthrosis of spine: 22 women and 8 men) and group B (30 people with arthrosis of hip: 23 women and 7 men). All of them were undergone 10 physiotherapy surgeries (magnetic field and therapy laser). The appraisal of the influence of the treatment on the intensity of depression symptoms was made on the basis of Depression Scale Montgomery-Asberg (MADRAS) and the appraisal of the intensity of pain was made on the basis of Visual Analogy Scale of Pain. RESULTS: The important impact of conducted surgeries on the intensity of pain complaint as well as the escalation of depression indicators were stated. Not only in the first but also in the second case presented patients' diseases were alleviated (the intensity of depression symptoms and of perceptible suffering decreased). Nevertheless, this relation was observed only when moderate and mild escalation of depression appeared. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease on the intensity of pain experience reduce depression symptoms in these cases in which the escalation of the second ones is not substantial.

[Cognitive functions and diabetes]. / Funkcje poznawcze a cukrzyca.

In the presented work, the researches of foreign and Polish authors were reviewed. The aim of this project was to find the answer to the question connected with the character and the cause of diabetes' influence on cognitive functions of patients. Diabetes is a metabolic condition of a various etiologyaetiology. It is distinguished by chronic hiperglycemia with the disorder of metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and proteins as a result of giving off defects and/or working insulin. Cognitive functions are these psychological functions which the human needs in order to be knowledgeable about surroundings, to get the information about oneself and your body, to analyse the situations, to formulate conclusions, to take a right decisions or to function. In the last few years, this typical somatic disease, as the diabetes is, puts pressure on cognitive efficiency of the human body. The vita issue is to get to know this problem not only from medical or psychological point of view but also it has a great influence on patients' better life. The knowledge of this subject should be known among medical surroundings as well as in all the places where the patients live (school, workplace and family).