Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Carica papaya L. Genotypes for Genetic Modification Purposes.

This chapter presents an efficient protocol for regenerating Carica papaya plants via somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos from economically important papaya genotypes. To achieve regenerated plants from somatic embryos, in the present protocol, four induction cycles are required, followed by one multiplication cycle and one regeneration cycle. With this optimized protocol, 80% of somatic embryos can be obtained in only 3.5 months. At this stage, calli containing more than 50% globular structures can be used for transformation (via agrobacterium, biobalistics, or any other transformation method). Once transformed, calli can be transferred to the following steps (multiplication, elongation, maturation, rooting, and ex vitro acclimatization) to regenerate a transformed somatic embryo-derived full plant.

Caso clínico: duelo complicado en atención primaria. Planificación de los cuidados / Clinical case: Complicated grief in primary care. Care plan

Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 61 años que acude a consulta de enfermería en Atención Primaria. En los últimos dos años y medio ha sufrido la pérdida de su marido y de dos hermanos, además de haber vivido otros acontecimientos vitales estresantes que la han llevado a una situación de duelo complicado. Se realiza el plan de cuidados utilizando el marco de valoración por patrones funcionales de salud de M. Gordon y los lenguajes estandarizados de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y la Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Se plantearon como objetivos principales la mejora en el nivel de depresión y la mejora en la resolución de la aflicción. Las intervenciones sugeridas fueron facilitar el duelo y la derivación a una unidad de salud mental. Se realizó un seguimiento de la paciente en consulta de enfermería de Atención Primaria a intervalos semanales, al inicio, y mensuales, posteriormente. La evaluación del plan de cuidados refleja una mejora en los criterios de duelo complicado de Prigerson, un aumento de las actividades recreativas, la retirada del luto que aún guardaba, así como una mejora en el control de las cifras tensionales. La atención de enfermería ante un caso de duelo complicado resulta compleja. No obstante, la realización adecuada de ciertas intervenciones orientadas a facilitar el duelo, con un seguimiento en consulta, muestra su eficacia. La dificultad en el abordaje de los problemas psicosociales se ve incrementada a la hora de precisar los diagnósticos enfermeros adecuados para cada caso individual. El trabajo en grupo entre enfermeras mejora el consenso (AU)

This is the case of a 61-year-old patient woman that visits her nurse in Primary Health Care to get the control of blood pressure and glycemia. In the last two years has suffered the loss of her husband and of two brothers beside having lived through other vital stressful events that have taken her to a situation of complicated grief. The care plan is realized using the M. Gordon assessment system and standardized languages NANDA, NOC and NIC. The principal aims were the improvement of the depression level and the improvement in the affliction resolution. As suggested interventions were proposed to facilitate the grief and the derivation to a mental health unit. A follow-up of the patient was realized in nursing consultation at Primary health care to weekly intervals, in the beginning, and monthly, later. The evaluation of the care plan reflects an improvement in the criteria of Prigerson's complicated grief; an increase of the recreative activities; the retreat of the mourning that still she was guarding; as well as an improvement in the control of the blood pressure numbers. The attention of nurses before a case of complicated grief turns out to be complex. Nevertheless the suitable accomplishment of certain interventions orientated to facilitating the grief, with a follow-up in consultation, shows the efficiency. The difficulty in the boarding of the psychosocial problems meets increased at the moment of are necessary the nursing diagnostics adapted for every individual case. The work in group between nurses could improves the consensus (AU)

[Clinical case: Complicated grief in primary care. Care plan]. / Caso clínico: duelo complicado en atención primaria. Planificación de los cuidados.

This is the case of a 61-year-old patient woman that visits her nurse in Primary Health Care to get the control of blood pressure and glycemia. In the last two years has suffered the loss of her husband and of two brothers beside having lived through other vital stressful events that have taken her to a situation of complicated grief. The care plan is realized using the M. Gordon assessment system and standardized languages NANDA, NOC and NIC. The principal aims were the improvement of the depression level and the improvement in the affliction resolution. As suggested interventions were proposed to facilitate the grief and the derivation to a mental health unit. A follow-up of the patient was realized in nursing consultation at Primary health care to weekly intervals, in the beginning, and monthly, later. The evaluation of the care plan reflects an improvement in the criteria of Prigerson's complicated grief; an increase of the recreative activities; the retreat of the mourning that still she was guarding; as well as an improvement in the control of the blood pressure numbers. The attention of nurses before a case of complicated grief turns out to be complex. Nevertheless the suitable accomplishment of certain interventions orientated to facilitating the grief, with a follow-up in consultation, shows the efficiency. The difficulty in the boarding of the psychosocial problems meets increased at the moment of are necessary the nursing diagnostics adapted for every individual case. The work in group between nurses could improves the consensus.

Protocol to achieve photoautotrophic coconut plants cultured in vitro with improved performance ex vitro.

This chapter presents a protocol that will show ways to obtain photoautotrophic coconut in vitro plants and outlines protocol for improving photosynthesis and field performance. This protocol involves reducing sucrose concentration from the growing medium while simultaneously increasing light intensity and enriching the CO2 concentration of growth rooms.