Oral fibrolipoma: A report of two cases and review of literature.

Fibrolipoma is a benign tumor which is classified as a histological variant of conventional lipoma. It rarely occurs in oral and maxillofacial region. When present, it occurs as a soft, smooth surfaced nodular mass that can be pedunculated or sessile. Most of the lesions are less than 3 cm in size, although it may vary. Fibrolipomas mostly affect buccal mucosa and buccal vestibule and cause functional and cosmetic disabilities. Herniation of buccal pad of fat caused by trauma may also mimic lipoma. Hence, accurate histopathological examination of lipomas is important for a correct treatment plan. Here, we present 2 cases of oral fibrolipoma that presented on the retromolar triangle area and alveolar ridge in relation to missing maxillary right first molar.

Cutaneous horn: A mask to underlying malignancy.

Cutaneous horns (cornu cutaneum) are uncommon lesions consisting of keratotic material resembling that of an animal horn. It is a conical- or cylindrical-shaped excessive hyperkeratosis of variable size ranging from few millimeters to several centimeters with a variable in size and shape, such as cylindrical, conical, pointed, transversely or longitudinally corrugated, or curved like a ram's horn. The lesions typically occur in sun-exposed areas, particularly the face, ear, nose, forearms and dorsum of hands. Even though 60% of the cutaneous horns are benign in nature, the possibility of skin cancer should always be kept in mind. The clinical diagnosis includes various benign and malignant lesions at its base. Lesions associated with cutaneous horn are keratosis, sebaceous molluscum, verruca, trichilemmal, Bowen's disease, epidermoid carcinoma, malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Herewith, we report a case of cutaneous horn on the upper lip vermillion masking the underlying malignancy at its base.

Comparative assessment of maxillary canine index and maxillary first molar dimensions for sex determination in forensic odontology.

BACKGROUND: Sexual identification of immature skeletal remains is still a difficult problem to solve in forensic anthropology. In such situations, the odontometric features of the teeth can be of immense help. Teeth, being the hardest and chemically the most stable tissue in the body, are an excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic, and forensic investigations. Using tooth size standards, whenever it is possible to predict the sex, identification is made easier because then only missing persons of one sex need to be considered. AIM: To determine sex from the odontometric data using maxillary canine index and maxillary first molar dimensions and to determine which index gives higher accuracy rate for sex determination using only maxillary cast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a sample size of 200 population (100 male and 100 female), alginate impression was taken of maxillary arch and poured with dental stone. Using Vernier caliper, the dimension of maxillary first molar (buccolingual [BL] and mesiodistal [MD]), canine (MD), and intercanine distance was measured on the cast. The obtained data were analyzed using discriminant statistical analysis. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: This study concludes that BL dimension of maxillary first molar is a more reliable indicator for gender determination than other molar and canine dimensions in maxilla.

Nuclear fractal dimension: A new objective approach for discriminating normal mucosa, dysplasia and carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Various clinical and histological factors have helped in predicting the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, there has been a need for more specialized diagnostic and prognostic factors to avoid subjective variation among opinion. Thus, fractal dimension (FD) can be used as an index of the morphological changes that the epithelial cells undergo during their transformation into neoplastic cell. In oral cancer study, nuclear FD (NFD) can be used as a quantitative index to discriminate between normal, dysplastic and neoplastic oral mucosa. AIM: To use nuclear fractal geometry to compare the morphometric complexity in the normal, epithelial dysplasia and OSCC cases and to verify the difference among the various histological grades of dysplasia and OSCC. It was fulfilled by estimating the FDs of the nuclear surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histopathologically diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia and OSCC were taken from the archives. Photomicrographs were captured with the help of Lawrence and Mayo research microscope. The images were then subjected to image analysis using the Image J software with FracLac plugin java 1.6 to obtain FDs. FD of ten selected nuclei was calculated using the box-counting algorithm. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was done using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc tests with STATAIC-13 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: NFD can provide valuable information to discriminate between normal mucosa, dysplasia and carcinoma objectively without subjective discrimination.