Magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil from human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples utilizing a ß-cyclodextrin grafted graphene oxide-magnetite nano-hybrid.

A magnetic solid phase extraction method based on ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) grafted graphene oxide (GO)/magnetite (Fe3O4) nano-hybrid as an innovative adsorbent was developed for the separation and pre-concentration of gemfibrozil prior to its determination by spectrofluorometry. The as-prepared ß-CD/GO/Fe3O4 nano-hybrid possesses the magnetism property of Fe3O4 nano-particles that makes it easily manipulated by an external magnetic field. On the other hand, the surface modification of GO by ß-CD leads to selective separation of the target analyte from sample matrices. The structure and morphology of the synthesized adsorbent were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The experimental factors affecting the extraction/pre-concentration and determination of the analyte were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range between 10 and 5000 pg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989. The limit of detection and enrichment factor for gemfibrozil were 3 pg mL(-1) and 100, respectively. The maximum sorption capacity of the adsorbent for gemfibrozil was 49.8 mg g(-1). The method was successfully applied to monitoring gemfibrozil in human serum and pharmaceutical wastewaters samples with recoveries in the range of 96.0-104.0% for the spiked samples.

Speciation of As(III)/As(V) in water samples by a magnetic solid phase extraction based on Fe3O4/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nano-hybrid followed by chemiluminescence detection.

A novel magnetic solid phase extraction method was developed for the speciation of As(III)/As(V) in aqueous solutions utilizing Fe3O4-doped Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a nano-sorbent. The method is based on the separation and pre-concentration of As(V) by Fe3O4/Mg-Al LDH nano-hybrid prior to determination by a chemiluminescence (CL) technique. The CL route involves the oxidation of luminol by vanadomolybdoarsenate heteropoly acid in a basic media. Since the existing cations cannot be adsorbed by positively charged layers of the LDH and other potentially interferent anions had no considerable effect on the CL reaction, it provides a very selective and sensitive determination approach for As(V). The determination of total arsenic and hence indirectly As(III) involve the pre-oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide. Several factors affecting the extraction and determination of the analyte were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5.0-5000 ng L(-1). The limit of detection and enrichment factor was 2.0 ng L(-1) and 80, respectively. The method was validated by the analysis of a standard reference material (NIST SRM 1643e), and successfully applied to the speciation of arsenic in several water samples with recoveries in the range of 93.3-106.7% for the spiked samples.

Determination of iodate in food, environmental, and biological samples after solid-phase extraction with Ni-Al-Zr ternary layered double hydroxide as a nanosorbent.

Nanostructured nickel-aluminum-zirconium ternary layered double hydroxide was successfully applied as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the separation and pre-concentration of trace levels of iodate in food, environmental and biological samples. An indirect method was used for monitoring of the extracted iodate ions. The method is based on the reaction of the iodate with iodide in acidic solution to produce iodine, which can be spectrophotometrically monitored at 352 nm. The absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of iodate in the sample. The effect of several parameters such as pH, sample flow rate, amount of nanosorbent, elution conditions, sample volume, and coexisting ions on the recovery was investigated. In the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (3s) and enrichment factor were 0.12 µg mL(-1) and 20, respectively. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system was linear in the range of 0.2-2.8 µg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. In order to validate the presented method, a certified reference material, NIST SRM 1549, was also analyzed.