Scalable interrogation: Eliciting human pheromone responses to deception in a security interview setting.

Individuals trying to conceal knowledge from interrogators are likely to experience raised levels of stress that can manifest itself across biological, physiological, psychological and behavioural factors, providing an opportunity for detection. Using established research paradigms an innovative scalable interrogation was designed in which participants were given a 'token' that represented information they had to conceal from interviewers. A control group did not receive a token and therefore did not have to deceive the investigators. The aim of this investigation was to examine differences between deceivers and truth-tellers across the four factors by collecting data for cortisol levels, sweat samples, heart-rate, respiration, skin temperature, subjective stress ratings and video and audio recordings. The results provided an integrated understanding of responses to interrogation by those actively concealing information and those acting innocently. Of particular importance, the results also suggest, for the first time in an interrogation setting, that stressed individuals may secrete a volatile steroid based marker that could be used for stand-off detection. The findings are discussed in relation to developing a scalable interrogation protocol for future research in this area.

Aspects of the coordination chemistry of rac-trans-1,2-diphosphinocyclohexane and the preparation of reinforced 9aneP3 and 9anePN2 macrocycles.

Racemic trans-1,2-diphosphinocyclohexane (t-chxnP2) has been synthesised and its coordination chemistry to Cu(I), Ag(I), Mn(I) and Fe(II) investigated. Compounds of empirical formula [Cu(t-chxnP2)2]BF4 and [Ag(t-chxnP2)2]BF4 have been prepared as isomeric mixtures and the solid-state structure of both complexes determined by single-crystal techniques. The Cu(I) complex is a monomeric species which crystallises with one ligand bearing the R,R configuration and the other being the S,S isomer whereas the Ag(I) complex crystallises as a polymer containing both chelating and bridging t-chxnP2 ligands with 3- and 4-coordinate Ag(I) centres and argentophilic bonds. The bidentate diprimary phosphine has been coordinated to Mn(I) and Fe(II) templates and used as a P2 unit for the formation of chiral (albeit racemic) 1,4,7-triphosphamacrocycles (9aneP3). In addition 1R,2R- and 1R,2S-diaminocyclohexane (chxn) have been coordinated to Mn(I) and Fe(II) templates and similarly employed for the formation of new 1,4-diamino-7-phosphamacrocycle (9anePN2) complexes.

1-trimethylsilylphosphirane as a ligand and as a stable masked reagent for phosphirane.

1-Trimethylsilylphosphirane, C2H4PSiMe3, has been prepared on a multi gram scale from P(SiMe3)3 via CICH2CH2P(SiMe3)2. C2H4PSiMe3 is readily susceptible to protonolysis forming the thermally unstable parent phosphirane, C2H4PH, in good yields. Reaction of C2H4PSiMe3 with fac-M(CO)3(CH3CN)3 (M = Cr, Mo) or [Fe(eta5-C5H5)(eta6-C6H6)](PF6) give rise tofac-M(CO)3(C2H4PSiMe3)3 and [Fe(eta5-C5H5)(C2H4PSiMe3)3](PF6) respectively. Protonolysis of the free or coordinated 1-trimethylsilylphosphirane readily causes P-Si cleavage to give rise to the parent C2H4PH or the respective complexes,fac-M(CO)3(C2H4PH)3 andfac-[Fe(eta5-C5H5)(C2H4PH)3](PF6) in situ. All new complexes are characterised by analytical and spectroscopic methods and the X-ray crystal structures of fac-Cr(CO)3(C2H4PSiMe3)3 and fac-Mo(CO)3(C2H4PH)3 have also been determined.