Sporadic Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Occurring at Laparoscopic Trocar Site: An Unusual Entity.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) or desmoid tumours are rare benign soft tissue tumours of musculo-aponeurotic origin, which have no malignant potential but are locally aggressive and can result in significant morbidity. They may be hereditary (in association with FAP, i.e. familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome resulting from APC gene mutation) or sporadic, with hereditary cases having a much higher risk of developing DF compared to sporadic ones. Desmoids are known to occur in previous surgical scars. However, previous laparoscopic port site/trocar site is an extremely uncommon site for sporadic desmoids, with only two cases of sporadic laparoscopic trocar site desmoids (occurring in absence of FAP) reported in world literature. We thus describe a case of sporadic DF, occurring at the site of umbilical port 8 months following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, treated successfully by margin-negative resection. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the first such case in Indian literature and the first being reported after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the era of laparoscopic surgery, one must be aware of the existence of such an entity after laparoscopy as it may be confused with conditions such as metastatic deposit, port site tumour recurrence, port site hernia, scar site endometriosis, soft tissue sarcoma etc. and may result in diagnostic dilemma.

Perforation peritonitis and the developing world.

Background. Perforation peritonitis is the one of the commonest emergency encountered by surgeons. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the spectrum of perforation peritonitis managed in a single unit of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out between May 2010 and June 2013 in a single unit of the department of Surgery, Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi. It included 400 patients of perforation peritonitis (diffuse or localized) who were studied retrospectively in terms of cause, site of perforation, surgical treatment, complications, and mortality. Only those patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for management of perforation peritonitis were included. Results. The commonest cause of perforation peritonitis included 179 cases of peptic ulcer disease (150 duodenal ulcers and 29 gastric ulcers) followed by appendicitis (74 cases), typhoid fever (48 cases), tuberculosis (40 cases), and trauma (31). The overall mortality was 7%. Conclusions. Perforation peritonitis in India has a different spectrum as compared to the western countries. Peptic ulcer perforation, perforating appendicitis, typhoid, and tubercular perforations are the major causes of gastrointestinal perforations. Early surgical intervention under the cover of broad spectrum antibiotics preceded by adequate aggressive resuscitation and correction of electrolyte imbalances is imperative for good outcomes minimizing morbidity and mortality.

Three cases of amoebic liver abscess causing inferior vena cava obstruction, with a review of the literature.

Amoebic liver abscess is a common disease, especially in endemic areas, but it is a rare cause of inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction, with only a few cases appearing in the literature. We report three cases of amoebic liver abscess complicated with obstruction of the IVC and which responded to conservative treatment or radiological intervention.

Traumatic handlebar hernia associated with hepatic herniation: a case report and review of the literature.

A traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare type of hernia that occurs after blunt trauma to the abdomen. TAWH caused by direct trauma from bicycle handlebars is even more rare with fewer than 30 cases having being reported. Recognition of these hernias is important, because they may be associated with significant intrabdominal injuries. Despite an overall increase in incidence of blunt abdominal trauma, cases of TAWH remain rare, probably because of elasticity of the abdominal wall resists the shear forces generated by a traumatic impact. A high level of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis of TAWH in patients with handlebar injuries. We present the case of a 20-year-old man with a traumatic handlebar hernia associated with herniation of the liver and hepatic ductal injury, which was managed successfully by a delayed repair of the hernia.

Prograde and retrograde intussusception: A rarity in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

A 30-year-old woman presented with subacute intestinal obstruction. Clinical evaluation and radiological studies pointed toward an enteroenteric intussusception with intestinal polyps. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a retrograde intussusception mass acting as a lead point for a second prograde jejuno-jejunal intussusception. Resection and anastomosis of the involved segment was done. Histopathology revealed the presence of hamartomas. The patient was diagnosed with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. The rarity of such a case is highlighted, and the diagnostic challenge it poses is discussed.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis masquerading as pyonephrosis: a case report.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare tumor, which is usually associated with nephrolithiasis. It is rarely associated with pyonephrosis. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented with features of pyonephrosis and underwent nephrectomy. The postoperative histological evaluation revealed an unsuspected squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with a concomitant pyonephrosis. The rarity of this tumor in the absence of renal calculi and its association with pyonephrosis is highlighted.

Liver abscess: a clinicopathological analysis of 82 cases.

Liver abscesses are a common pathology in India, but a strategy for effective treatment has not been established. Eighty-two patients with liver abscess were studied over a 4-year period. Clinical features, ultrasound findings, laboratory studies, and outcome of therapy were evaluated. Treatment options were antibiotics alone, needle aspiration, catheter drainage, or open surgical drainage; 51.2% of all abscesses were amebic, 23.2% were pyogenic, and 25.6% had unknown causes. A total of 75.6% of the abscesses were solitary, with 62.2% confined to the right lobe. Pyogenic abscesses were more likely to have anemia, leukocytosis, and deranged liver function. Amebic abscesses tended to have a larger volume. Patients undergoing catheter drainage showed a more rapid reduction in initial abscess volume, whereas resolution of the abscess cavity took longer with antibiotic therapy alone. Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration and catheter drainage are safe and effective in the management of liver abscess. Drug therapy alone may be useful only in select cases.

Spontaneous biliary tract perforations: an unusual cause of peritonitis in pregnancy. Report of two cases and review of literature.

Spontaneous perforations of the biliary tract are rare in adults and even more so during pregnancy. Perforation of the gall bladder is a potentially fatal complication of cholecystitis. The infrequency of perforation in the setting of calculous disease of the gall bladder is probably due to the thickened wall of the organ that has long been the seat of chronic inflammation. Common bile duct perforations have been reported in adults most commonly in association with choledocholithiasis. The diagnosis of biliary tract perforations is often delayed due to their non specific symptoms, which results in high morbidity. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy are mandatory to alleviate this condition. Delayed diagnoses and treatment may have more serious consequences for pregnant women than for other patients. Very few cases of biliary tract perforations have been reported in pregnant women. We report two such cases in pregnancy: first of a gall bladder perforation associated with cholelithiasis and the second of a common bile duct perforation in pregnancy in which no apparent cause was found.