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Hong Kong Med J ; 18 Suppl 2: 12-6, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22311354

ABSTRACT

1. Hyper-induction of cytokines and chemokines was found in human blood macrophages infected with the avian influenza H5N1 and H9N2/G1 viruses, as compared to those infected with human influenza H1N1 virus. 2. IRF3 played a significant role in the hyperinduction of cytokines including IFN-ß, IFN-λ1,IFN-α subtypes, MCP-1, and TNF-α, and also played a part in subsequent cytokine-induced cell signalling cascades. 3. Compared with H1N1 viruses, avian influenza viruses including H5N1/97 and its precursors triggered a caspase-mediated but delayed apoptotic response in human macrophages. 4. Therapies that can minimise immunopathology-associated dysregulation of innate immunity without impairing effective host defence may be valuable adjuncts to antiviral therapy.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Cytokines/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/metabolism , Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics , Interferon-beta/biosynthesis , Interferon-beta/genetics , Interferons , Interleukins/biosynthesis , Interleukins/genetics , Macrophages/enzymology , Macrophages/virology , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Up-Regulation/genetics
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