ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fear and pain are the factors producing stress and there is evidence that dental fear acquired in childhood may persist to influence adult behavior. Dental treatment is often considered as anxiety producing and stressful. AIM: To assess the levels of stress displayed by the healthy children undergoing routine dental procedures like oral examination, restoration, and extraction by analyzing salivary levels of cortisol before, during, and after the procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy children aged between 4 and 8 years having their first dental visit and requiring at least one restoration and one extraction were selected. In each patient, three procedures were carried out: (i) Routine dental examination, (ii) restoration, and (iii) extraction. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected 10 min before, during the procedure, and 30 min after each procedure at three different visits for comparison of cortisol production in response to anxiety and stress over time. Total 180 samples were collected to determine salivary cortisol levels using UBI-MAGIWEL TM kit and the readings were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software with paired t-test, two independent sample t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the findings. RESULTS: A correlation between salivary cortisol and stress in dental procedure was noticed. Cavity preparation is more stressful procedure in children, so alternative methods can be used in anxious children. Stress associated with extraction persists to a postoperative period. No correlation exists in between Corah's anxiety scale and salivary cortisol.
Subject(s)
Dental Anxiety/psychology , Dental Care for Children/psychology , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Saliva/chemistry , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Haemorrhagic diathesis has been of much concern to health professionals including dentists. It is not infrequent that a dentist becomes the first person to diagnose a bleeding disorder while performing dental treatment. Haemophilia is an X linked disorder with a frequency of about 1:10,000 births. Haemophilia B is much less common than haemophilia A, and affects only 1:300,000 males born alive. The clinical features of haemophilia B are very similar to those of haemophilia A with a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. This case report describes the dental management of a patient with an uncommon haematological disorder, namely, factor IX deficiency, which remained undiagnosed until the patient had to undergo dentofacial trauma with unexpected severe haemorrhage. Preventive dentistry remains vital to young haemophiliacs. Surgical dental procedures may be performed for haemophiliacs but they must be judiciously coordinated by dental and medical health professionals.
Subject(s)
Hematoma/drug therapy , Hemophilia B/drug therapy , Incisor/injuries , Lip/injuries , Child , Coagulants/therapeutic use , Factor IX/therapeutic use , Hematoma/etiology , Hemophilia B/complications , Hemophilia B/diagnosis , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A comprehensive understanding of root and root canal morphology of primary teeth is valuable for successful endodontic therapy. A supernumerary root is a developmental anomaly which can affect any tooth. An extra root placed lingually (radix entomolaris) or buccally (radix paramolaris) can be seen in mandibular molars nonetheless; bilateral association of an additional root in deciduous mandibular molars is rare. This report aimed to describe the diagnosis, significance and management of an extra root in deciduous mandibular molars bilaterally in perspective of modern clinical paediatric endodontics.
