La importancia de la vacunación frente al rotavirus / The importance of vaccination against rotavirus

A lo largo de los años hay dos medidas que han tenido un extraordinario impacto positivo en la salud de los ciudadanos del mundo: la potabilización del agua y la vacunación. El rotavirus (RV), cuya transmisión es por vía oral, está presente en todos los países y en los distintos continentes. Su afectación produce daño sistémico, aunque es el aparato digestivo de los niños menores de 2 años el más afectado. Los cuadros de diarrea y fiebre alta ocasionan del 14 al 30% de todos los casos de gastroenteritis aguda (GEA), requiriendo hospitalización aproximadamente una cuarta parte de ellos. También conlleva un elevado uso de los recursos sanitarios, pérdida de horas laborales y gran angustia y preocupación para los familiares. Con la utilización de las vacunas se han disminuido en un 60-80% los ingresos por gastroenteritis aguda por rotavirus (GEA-RV) y un 30-40% la mortalidad por diarrea en menores de 5 años. En España se dispone de dos vacunas, financiada para los prematuros nacidos entre las 25 y las 32 semanas. Ambas vacunas solo tienen sentido utilizarlas en las primeras semanas de vida, con ciertas diferencias entre ellas, tanto en el número de dosis como en la consecución de la máxima protección.(AU)

Two measures have had an extraordinarily positive impact on the health of world citizens over the years: water potabilization and vaccination. Rotavirus (RV), which has oral transmission, is present in all countries and different continents. It causes systemic damage, although the digestive system of <2-year-old children is the most affected. Diarrhea and high temperature cause from 14 to 30% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), and one fourth of these will require hospitalization. This also entails a high use of health resources, work hours missed, and high anxiety and concern among relatives. The use of vaccines has reduced by 60-80% the hospital admissions due to acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus (RV-AGE) and by 30-40% the mortality by diarrhea in <5-year-olds. There are two vaccines available in Spain, only reimbursed for pre-term children born between 25 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. It only makes sense to use these vaccines during the first weeks of life, with certain differences between them in number of doses and in the achievement of maximum protection.(AU)

Efficacy of emotion-focused therapy in the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of eating disorders (EDs) means that its treatment is approached from various perspectives, among which we find emotion-focused therapy (EFT). Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review was to know the effectiveness of EFT for eating disorders. METHOD: A systematic review of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection was carried out without a time limit and in a population with an eating disorder diagnosis. RESULTS: Eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria: (1) six studies treated the population with binge eating disorder (BED) five were group treatments, and four included the combined modality; (2) one with BED, bulimia nervosa (BN) and Eating Disorder No Otherwise Specified (EDNOS); and (3) one for a single case of anorexia nervosa (AN). The duration of treatments ranged from 12 weeks to 18 months, and all studies used the original EFT protocol. Specific variables of each type of eating disorder were studied, as well as comorbid symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the results coincide in the existence of post-treatment improvements both in eating psychopathology and in affective symptoms, although with variable data during follow-up. More research is needed to affirm the efficacy of EFT as an empirically validated treatment for EDs.

PROFICIENCY TEST OF THE SSDL-ININ-MEXICO FOR THE CALIBRATION OF WELL-TYPE CHAMBERS WITH HDR 192IR SOURCES USING TWO DIFFERENT DOSIMETRY CODES OF PRACTICE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF REFERENCE AIR KERMA RATE KR.

The results of the comparison between SSDL-ININ and SSDL-CPHR (pilot laboratory) demonstrates the competence of the SSDL-ININ for the performance of the KR in 192Ir. The RININ/CHPR ratio for the calibration coefficients is 0.989 ± 0.005. The comparison uses three SI-HDR 1000-Plus as transfer chambers, series: A02423, A941755 and A973052. CPHR used a secondary standard PTW 3304 chamber, s/n 154, calibrated at PTB and ININ employed a secondary standard SI-90008 s/n A963391, calibrated at NPL. To determine KR, the SSDL-CPHR used the IAEA TEC-DOC-1274 and the SSDL-ININ used the IPEM (UK) code of practice. The latter uses a correction factor by source's geometry, ksg. The results show that both codes are equivalent; however, for the use of well chambers in the highlands or in locations with reduced atmospheric pressure, it is needed to apply an additional factor k'P, or, to design a well chamber with air-equivalent walls for the application of the conventional kPT.

Intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) transplantation in acute ischemic stroke (IBIS trial): protocol of a phase II, randomized, dose-finding, controlled multicenter trial.

RATIONALE: No neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies have been approved for ischemic stroke. Bone marrow mononuclear cell intra-arterial transplantation improves recovery in experimental models of ischemic stroke. AIMS: This trial aims to test safety and efficacy of intra-arterial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell in ischemic stroke patients. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, phase II, randomized, controlled (non-treated group as control), assessor-blinded clinical trial. Seventy-six stroke patients will be enrolled. Patients fulfilling clinical and radiological criteria (e.g. age between 18 and 80 years, middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6-20 within one- to seven-days from stroke onset and no lacunar stroke) will be randomized to intervention or control group (1 : 1). Bone marrow harvest and intra-arterial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell will be done in the intervention group with two different doses (2 × 10(6) /kg or 5 × 10(6) /kg in 1 : 1 proportion). Patients will be stratified at randomization by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Patients will be followed up for two-years. STUDY OUTCOMES: The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2 at 180 days. Secondary outcomes include National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel scores at six-months, infarct volume, mortality, and seizures. DISCUSSION: This is the first trial to explore efficacy of different doses of intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cell in moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke patients. The trial is registered as NCT02178657.