ABSTRACT
In Colombia, the uptake rate of the HPV vaccine dropped from 96.7% after its introduction in 2013 to 9% in 2020. To identify the behavioural components of HPV-vaccine hesitancy in females aged 15 and under and their families, we conducted a convergent mixed-methods study in which 196 parents/caregivers responded to an online questionnaire and 10 focus groups were held with 13 of these parents/caregivers, and 50 age-eligible girls. The study is novel as it is the first to explore the factors influencing HPV-vaccine hesitancy alongside the COVID vaccine within an integrative model of behaviour change, the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour (COM-B) model. We found that COVID-19 has had an impact on the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination. Lack of information about the vaccination programs, concerns about vaccine safety and the relationship between HPV and sexuality could be related to vaccine hesitancy. Trust in medical recommendations and campaigns focused on the idea that vaccination is a way of protecting daughters from cervical cancer could improve HPV vaccine uptake.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Las funciones Ejecutivas (FE) permiten el control de la actividad cognitiva, afectiva y conductual, y están influenciadas por múltiples factores como el ambiente sociocultural, académico y familiar. Objetivo: identificar el estado actual del desarrollo de las FE en estudiantes adolescentes de las instituciones educativas públicas del municipio de Envigado (Colombia). Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria de 280 estudiantes de undécimo grado de educación secundaria, a quienes se aplicó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas (BANFE) (Flores-Lázaro, Ostrosky-Solís, & Lozano-Gutiérrez, 2014). Estos datos se correlacionaron con los resultados de las "Prueba Saber 11°, que evalúa el desempeño académico de los estudiantes que se gradúan de secundaria en Colombia. Resultados: más de la mitad de los estudiantes de la muestra presentaron alteraciones leves o severas en el índice de la FE dorsolateral y en la FE global, y se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en la FE dorsolateral (U=8304,5; p= 0,029) y la FE global (U=8412,0, p=0,043). Igualmente, se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje de las "Pruebas Saber 11°" y la FE dorsolateral (r=0,32; p<0,001) y la FE global (r=0,30; p<0,001). Conclusión: 65,7% de los estudiantes adolescentes presentan alteración entre leve y severa en el desempeño de las pruebas de las FE, lo cual se vio asociado con las habilidades académicas evaluadas.
Abstract The Executive Functions (FE in Spanish) allow the cognitive, affective and behavioral activity control. They are influenced by multiple factors such as the sociocultural and academic environment, and parent education as well. Objective: to identify the current state of the development of the Executive Functions in teenagers from public educational institutions in Envigado city (Colombia). Method: the study was quantitative, descriptive, and transversal. A random sample of 280 senior secondary-school students in Envigado (Colombia) was taken, the instrument used was the Neuro-psychological Battery of Executive Functions (BANFE in Spanish) (Flores Lázaro, Ostrosky-Solís, & Lozano Gutiérrez, 2014). As well, Saber 11 Test results were compared with corpus due to the fact this test assesses Colombian students' academic performance. Results: more than a half of the sample evidenced minor or severe alterations in FE dorsolateral and global FE, and some meaningful statistically differences between man and women in these components (p<0,05) were found. Equally, it was determined a meaningful statistics correlation among Saber test score, Dorsolateral executive function (p<0,001) and global FE (p<0,001). Conclusion: 65,7% of the subjects showed a low performance level in FE tests, involving academic skills.
