[Interferon-beta response in multiple sclerosis associated with pre-treatment disability]. / Respuesta al interferon beta en la esclerosis multiple asociada con la discapacidad previa al tratamiento.

AIM: To study pre-treatment clinical features and influence of neutralising antibodies (NABs) in clinical response to interferon-beta (IFNB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed clinical characteristics and NABs to IFNB in 96 multiple sclerosis patients treated with IFNB. Clinical response was established by clinical criteria: = 1 relapse or an increase = 0.5 or 1 point in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score after one year of treatment compared with the year prior to IFNB therapy. RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics were similar for responders and non-responders, except for a significantly higher baseline mean EDSS score in non-responders. Time-to-first-relapse was longer and the number of patients relapse-free was higher for NAB-negative patients, but we were unable to show an association with the disability status, probably due to sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Response to IFNB was significantly associated with pre-treatment disability measured by the EDSS. The presence of NABs to IFNB presented a delayed negative effect for relapses.

Respuesta al interferón beta en la esclerosis múltiple asociada con la discapacidad previa al tratamiento / Interferon-beta response in multiple sclerosis associated with pre-treatment disability

Objetivo. Estudiar las características clínicas y la influenciade los anticuerpos neutralizantes (NAB) en la respuestaclínica al interferón beta (IFNB). Pacientes y métodos. Analizamoslas características clínicas y los NAB frente al IFNB en 96 pacientescon esclerosis múltiple tratados con IFNB. La respuesta clínicase estableció mediante criterios clínicos: ≥ 1 brote o un incremento≥ 0,5 o 1 punto en la escala expandida del estado de discapacidad(EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale) tras un año de tratamientocomparado con el año previo al inicio del tratamiento con IFNB.Resultados. Las características clínicas basales fueron similarespara los pacientes respondedores y los no respondedores, exceptopor la EDSS media previa al tratamiento, que era significativamentemayor en los pacientes no respondedores. El tiempo hasta el primerbrote era mayor y el número de pacientes libres de brote eramayor entre los pacientes NAB-negativos, pero fuimos incapaces dedemostrar una asociación del estado de NAB y el estado de discapacidad,probablemente debido al tamaño muestral. Conclusiones.La respuesta al IFNB está significativamente asociada a la discapacidadprevia al tratamiento medida con la EDSS. La presencia deNAB frente al IFNB presentaba un efecto negativo retardado conrespecto a los brotes

Aim. To study pre-treatment clinical features and influence of neutralising antibodies (NABs) in clinical responseto interferon-beta (IFNB). Patients and methods.We analysed clinical characteristics and NABs to IFNB in 96 multiple sclerosispatients treated with IFNB. Clinical response was established by clinical criteria: ≥ 1 relapse or an increase ≥ 0.5 or 1 pointin the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score after one year of treatment compared with the year prior to IFNBtherapy. Results. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar for responders and non-responders, except for a significantlyhigher baseline mean EDSS score in non-responders. Time-to-first-relapse was longer and the number of patients relapse-freewas higher for NAB-negative patients, but we were unable to show an association with the disability status, probably due tosample size. Conclusions. Response to IFNB was significantly associated with pre-treatment disability measured by the EDSS.The presence of NABs to IFNB presented a delayed negative effect for relapses

[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour. Overlapping conditions in a case with an unusual clinical profile]. / Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt y pseudotumor orbitario. Entidades solapadas en un caso con perfil clínico no habitual.

INTRODUCTION: The origin of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) and orbital pseudotumour (OP) is not fully understood. It is acknowledged as having an unspecific granulomatous inflammatory nature in different locations. Although there are differences between the clinical features of the two conditions, they also share a number of physiopathogenetic, therapeutic and, in some cases, iconographic similarities. Possible clinical recurrences are common in the two conditions and a broad differential diagnosis is required in all cases. Yet, the association of both processes in the same patient, with radiological proof of the migration of the inflammatory injury, is not frequent. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a male patient with a long history of recurring unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia that was sensitive to steroids; criteria for THS were fulfilled and there was later development of homolateral OP, six years after the onset of his symptoms. The findings in serial studies conducted with magnetic resonance imaging must be highlighted. The patient was submitted to a surgical intervention to treat the orbital injury and a chronic inflammatory process was observed in the fibrotic phase. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory pseudotumour and THS perhaps have more points in common than has traditionally been accepted. To our knowledge few cases of the above-mentioned association have been reported in the same patient. When confronted by cases of painful ophthalmoplegia with excessive recurrences the physician must consider the possibility of other alternative diagnoses.

Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt y pseudotumor orbitario. Entidades solapadas en un caso con perfil clínico no habitual / Tolosa-hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour. Overlapping conditions in a case with an unusual clinical profile

Introducción. El origen del síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt (STH) y del pseudotumor orbitario (PO) no es del todo conocido. Se admite su naturaleza inflamatoria granulomatosa localizaciones diferentes. Aunque existen divergencias clínicas entre ambos, también comparten similitudes fisiopatogénicas, terapéuticas y, en algunos casos, iconográficas. Las posibles recurrencias clínicas en ambas entidades son comunes y requieren en todo caso un amplio diagnóstico diferencial. Sin embargo, no es frecuente la asociación de ambos procesos en el mismo paciente, con documentación radiológica de la migración de la lesión inflamatoria. Caso clínico. Se presenta un paciente con oftalmoplejía dolorosa unilateral recurrente de larga evolución, sensible a esteroides, con criterios de STH y posterior desarrollo de PO homolateral, seis años tras el comienzo de sus síntomas. Destacamos los hallazgos de neuroimagen en resonancias magnéticas seriadas. Se interviene al paciente a causa de la lesión orbitaria, y se evidencia unproceso inflamatorio crónico en fase fibrótica. Conclusión. Quizás el pseudotumor inflamatorio y el STH compartan más aspectos comunes de lo tradicionalmente aceptado. En nuestro conocimiento existen pocos casos documentados de la citada asociación en elm ismo paciente. Los casos de oftalmoplejía dolorosa con excesivas recurrencias deben suscitar al clínico la posibilidad de otras alternativas diagnósticas (AU)

Introduction. The origin of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) and orbital pseudotumour (OP) is not fully understood. Itis acknowledged as having an unspecific granulomatous inflammatory nature in different locations. Although there are differences between the clinical features of the two conditions, they also share a number of physiopathogenetic, therapeutic and, in some cases, iconographic similarities. Possible clinical recurrences are common in the two conditions and a broad differential diagnosis is required in all cases. Yet, the association of both processes in the same patient, with radiological proof of the migration of the inflammatory injury, is not frequent. Case report. We report the case of a male patient with a long history of recurring unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia that was sensitive to steroids; criteria for THS were fulfilled and there was later development of homolateral OP, six years after the onset of his symptoms. The findings in serial studies conducted with magnetic resonance imaging must be highlighted. The patient was submitted to a surgical intervention to treat the orbital injury and a chronic inflammatory process was observed in the fibrotic phase. Conclusions. Inflammatory pseudotumour and THSperhaps have more points in common than has traditionally been accepted. To our knowledge few cases of the above-mentioned association have been reported in the same patient. When confronted by cases of painful ophthalmoplegia with excessive recurrences the physician must consider the possibility of other alternative diagnoses (AU)

[Clinical iconographic dissociation in a case of monophasic demyelinating disease]. / Disociación clinicoiconográfica en un caso de enfermedad desmielinizante monofásica.

We report a patient with monophasic inflammatory demyelinizing disease whose initial symptoms and imaging studies led to the undertaking of a cerebral biopsy for suspicion of an expansive process. The evolution of the both the CT and MR imaging studies with contrast and overall the surprising size of the lesions in MR when the patient was clinically asymptomatic support the hypothesis of residual dysfunction in the hemato-encephalic barrier as a cause of the persistence of MR images. This explanation appears more acceptable than its attribution to a gliosis secondary to previous inflammation.