ABSTRACT
The effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) (3.5%) solution and polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and gum arabic (5, 10 and 15%), on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of bitter gourd juice were investigated. An increase in the concentration of CMC and gum arabic significantly was observed to increase the lightness (L value) and the viscosity (mPas) of bitter gourd juice at all levels. Increased concentrations of gum arabic significantly increased the total soluble solids. The bitter gourd fruit treated with NaCl solution produced the highest lightness (L value) and scavenging activity of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl of bitter gourd juice. Increased concentration of gum arabic up to 15% significantly increased the total phenolic content. The addition of 5% gum arabic effectively reduced the bitterness of the bitter gourd juice. Viscosity of the juice resulted in negative correlation for bitterness.
ABSTRACT
We aimed to evaluate the specificity of 12 tumor markers related to colon carcinoma and identify the most sensitive index. Bhattacharyya distance was used to evaluate the index. Then, different index combinations were used to establish a support vector machine (SVM) diagnosis model of malignant colon carcinoma. The accuracy of the model was checked. High accuracy was assumed to indicate the high specificity of the index. The Bhattacharyya distances of carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, alpha-feto protein, and CA724 were the largest, and those of CYFRA21-Ð, CA125, and UGT1A83 were the second largest. The specificity of the combination of the above seven indexes was higher than that of other combinations, and the accuracy of the established SVM identification model was high. Using Bhattacharyya distance detection and establishing an SVM model based on different serum marker combinations can increase diagnostic accuracy, providing a theoretical basis for application of mathematical models in cancer diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , Colonic Neoplasms/blood , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Support Vector Machine , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology , Hyaluronan Receptors/physiology , Mutation/genetics , Myeloproliferative Disorders/mortality , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/physiology , Animals , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Integrases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics , Myeloproliferative Disorders/metabolism , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Survival RateABSTRACT
Medicated feed-blocks containing 2 mg/kg albendazole were fed for 12 days to ewe-lambs naturally infected with nematode worms in north-west China. The cumulative total average intake of albendazole was 15 mg/kg body weight. This treatment was compared with a single oral drench of 15 mg/kg albendazole and with no treatment. Both albendazole treatments were 99% effective in reducing the total strongyle egg counts. The medicated block was 100% effective in reducing the total trichostrongylid worm count, although only 86.4% of the sheep consumed an adequate amount. The single drench was 97% effective. Under the management conditions available to sheep herders in the northern provinces of China, albendazole-medicated feed blocks used at strategic times could effectively control trichostrongylid nematodes.
Subject(s)
Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases , Albendazole/administration & dosage , Animal Feed , Animals , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , China , Female , Food Additives , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Nematode Infections/drug therapy , Nematode Infections/prevention & control , Parasite Egg Count , Sheep , Tablets , Trichostrongylosis/drug therapy , Trichostrongylosis/prevention & control , Trichostrongylosis/veterinary , Trichostrongylus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The small intestinal fluke, Skrjabinotrema ovis, is common among sheep in the Xinjiang region of western China. Up to 65,000 flukes per sheep were found during September when sheep were grazing summer pastures at high altitudes. Efficacy studies of some common flukicides revealed that oxyclosanide and triclabendazole were not effective in reducing the egg output of S. ovis, whereas closantel and praziquantel reduced egg counts by up to 98%. Praziquantel at 25 and 50 mg kg-1 reduced worm counts by 99%. Albendazole at 15 mg kg-1 reduced egg counts by 83% and worm counts by 91% but at lower dose rates it was ineffective.