Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lupus Nephritis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complicationsABSTRACT
Light intensity can be an efficient tool in regulating leafy vegetable quality and yet little is known mechanistically hitherto. In this study, choy sum metabolic responses to progressively increasing white light intensity were investigated in terms of its essential metabolites including chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates. Significant enhancements were observed in choy sum's nutritional quality like the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity under a high intensity of light. However, progoitrin was significantly increased by up to 7.54-fold under a low light intensity of 50 µmol/(m2·s) compared with high light intensity, presenting a unique virus/pest-prevention strategy of choy sum under poor growth status. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a linear relationship between the light intensity and some metabolites. Principal component analysis further confirmed such contrasting roles of light intensity. The new knowledge gained about light-influenced choy sum metabolite levels can be critical in directing farmers in indoor farming practice for improving vegetable nutritional values.
Subject(s)
Brassica rapa , Carotenoids , Chlorophyll , Glucosinolates , Plant Leaves , VegetablesABSTRACT
Long-term effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the system performance of an MBR were investigated together with their removal behavior in the system. Continuous operation over 242days showed that ZnO NPs at both 1.0 and 10.0mg/L caused moderate deterioration in the removal of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. Denitrification was affected upon the exposure but recovered subsequently. Although no significant acute effect on ammonia-oxidization was observed, permanent inhibition occurred after long-term exposure. Nitrite-oxidization was not affected even with 10.0mg/L ZnO NPs. Significant changes were observed in activated sludge properties which resulted in severe membrane fouling. Although ZnO NPs caused changes in the bacteria community structure, the diversity however remain unchanged. ZnO NPs was removed effectively in the MBR (>98%) with biosorption being a major removal mechanism. Membrane filtration also played an important role (20% of the total removal) especially at high ZnO NPs concentrations (around 10.0mg/L).
