ABSTRACT
Opisthorchis viverrini is a pathogenic liver fluke that is known to cause cholangiocarcinoma in chronic infections. The underlying mechanism for this carcinogenesis is believed to be multifactorial, with parasite-derived excretory-secretory (ES) products potentially playing major roles. A recent study on these ES products has identified microRNAs (miRNA) that originate from O. viverrini but their influence on carcinogenesis remains understudied. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of these miRNAs in the carcinogenesis of O. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma. The mature miRNA sequences were retrieved from published data. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify miRNA targets and to identify potentially mitogenic miRNAs. An in vitro study was conducted to test the effects of miRNA on the bile duct epithelial cell lines. The miRNA target prediction analysis revealed that Ov_miRNA_EV_36/ovi-miR-3479a targets cancer-associated pathways. Hence, it was selected and used to assess its effect on the cell proliferation rate of H69 and MMNK-1 cholangiocyte cell lines. The results showed that Ov_miRNA_EV_36/ovi-miR-3479a induced significant cell proliferation in both cell lines when compared to negative controls. These results indicate that Ov_miRNA_EV_36/ovi-miR-3479a may play an essential role in the carcinogenesis of O. viverrini and therefore warrant further investigations.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Cholangiocarcinoma , MicroRNAs , Opisthorchis , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Animals , Opisthorchis/genetics , Humans , Cholangiocarcinoma/parasitology , Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics , Epithelial Cells/parasitology , Computational Biology , Cell Line , Opisthorchiasis/parasitology , Opisthorchiasis/complications , Carcinogenesis/genetics , Bile Duct Neoplasms/parasitology , Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics , Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Background: Three of Taenia species, named Taenia saginata, T. solium and T. asiatica can be found in Indonesia, but only T. solium can lead to neurocysticercosis. The morphology of those 3 Taenia spp. egg is indistinguishable by standard parasitology procedure. We aimed to use Ziehl Neelsen staining for differentiation of eggs of T. saginata and T. solium. Methods: As many as 40 containers of stool samples from the positive helminthiasis patients in Jakarta, Indonesia were collected during the year 2018. From each container, 10 slides prepared for staining with Kato-Katz technique as the preliminary examination. From those stool samples with positive taeniasis, we then once again made 10 slides/container for Ziehl Neelsen staining. Results: The first 400 slides stained with Kato-Katz technique as preliminary test were all positive for Taenia spp. The second 400 slides, we got 244 slides that gave good results as we could distinguished between the eggs of T. saginata and T. solium, meanwhile the remainder 156 slides gave unconfirmed results. From those 244 slides, 154 slides showed T. saginata eggs with magenta colored and 90 slides showed T. solium eggs with blue/purple colored. The eggs of T. solium slightly smaller if compared to Taenia saginata and had round shape, meanwhile T. saginata eggs were oval in shape. Conclusion: Ziehl Neelsen staining method can be used as an alternative parasitological method to differentiate the eggs of T. saginata and T. solium.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a lesser-known parasitic disease, which contributes to significant decreases in overall health. This study investigated the presence of Brugia malayi in mosquitoes collected in the South Borneo Province, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected through bare leg collection methods after sunset in several areas of the Hukai and Gulinggang villages in the Balangan District. The collected mosquitoes were identified based on morphological features and dissected to find microfilaria and then pooled through species for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfilaria detection. RESULTS: A total of 837 female mosquitoes consisting of at least 14 species were selected; they were dissected, and no microfilariae were found. Mosquitoes were divided into 69 pools for PCR analysis. PCR revealed that 8.7% (6/69) of the pools were positive for B. malayi, including Mansonia annulifera (4 pools), Aedes albopictus (1 pool), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (1 pool). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that mosquito dissection was not an optimum method for finding microfilaria. M. annulifera, C. tritaeniorhynchus, and A. albopictus mosquitoes might play an important role in the transmission of LF in the Balangan District. Information from this study could be used for the prevention of transmission or vector control programs in Indonesia.
