ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The number of dialysis patients in Japan has amounted to approximately 310,000. Most of the patients undergo hemodialysis. The reason why they can undergo hemodialysis is because maintaining and managing vascular access (VA) has improved. Recently, thanks to the progress of medical equipment, a variety of monitoring systems have been developed. It is important to make good use of these monitoring systems. RESULTS: In our hospital, we have been monitoring with an ultrasonic device and HD02. We measure blood flow of brachial artery with an ultrasonic device during nondialysis treatment. We examine real blood flow and blood recirculation with HD02 and evaluate the function of VA during dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: In order to provide good dialysis care, good use of monitoring devices of VA is significant.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical , Brachial Artery/surgery , Hospitals , Indicator Dilution Techniques , Monitoring, Physiologic , Renal Dialysis , Vascular Patency , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/adverse effects , Blood Flow Velocity , Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Cardiac Output , Equipment Design , Graft Occlusion, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology , Graft Occlusion, Vascular/physiopathology , Humans , Indicator Dilution Techniques/instrumentation , Japan , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Predictive Value of Tests , Regional Blood Flow , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The two reasons that patients desire buttonhole cannulation are avoidance of puncture pain and extension of arteriovenous fistula life. Despite the desire to receive buttonhole cannulation by many patients, medical staff at most local hemodialysis facilities tend to hesitate to implement the cannulation method. This method is used on patients in the dialysis unit at Saitama Medical Center, but tends to be discontinued for those patients upon their transfer to local hemodialysis facilities. Medical staff members of one local hemodialysis facility report the percentage of patients on the buttonhole method was 53% in 2007, but that it sharply decreased to 17% in 2013. Hesitation by local hemodialysis facilities to adopt the buttonhole method is due to, but not limited to, several factors. These factors include the frequently occurring trampoline effect, the difficulty of removing scabs, formation of a false buttonhole track, and the pain from insertion of a dull needle. Perceived differences in the value of buttonhole cannulation may potentially affect communication between patients and staff in local hemodialysis facilities.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical , Attitude of Health Personnel , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Renal Dialysis/methods , HumansSubject(s)
Hair Follicle/drug effects , Hair Follicle/growth & development , Hair/drug effects , Hair/growth & development , Interleukin-6/pharmacology , Animals , Hair/metabolism , Hair Follicle/metabolism , Interleukin-6/analysis , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Skin Transplantation , Wound Healing/drug effectsABSTRACT
It is well known that dendritic cells (DCs) are developed from the peripheral blood of mice when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are cultured with GM-CSF. We have previously found that immature DCs are present in the blood even in humans. In the present study, we show that CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the mouse peripheral blood are immature DCs. The percentage of CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the (PBMCs) of normal mice ranges from 0.5 to 2.5%. The CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the PBMCs show dendrites, similar in shape to the CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the spleen, which are thought to be DCs definitely. However, they have practically no capacity to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells, and show a lower expression of MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2 than CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the spleen. When the CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the PBMCs are cultured with GM-CSF, they show not only the potent ability to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells but also a higher expression of MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2. Moreover, they migrate into the spleen when they are injected intravenously. These results suggest that CD11c+ CD3- B220- cells in the PBMCs are immature DCs, and that they migrate into the spleen, where they mature.
