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1.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 235: 110235, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33838543

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to identify virulence factors that have high immunogenicity. An in vivo-expressed Staphylococcus aureus antigen was identified by probing bacteriophage expression libraries of S. aureus with antibodies in bovine mastitis milk. Eighteen clones were isolated, and their proteins were identified as 5 characterised proteins (IsdA, Protein A, IsdB, autolysin, and imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase) and 13 hypothetical proteins. We focused on IsdA, IsdB, and IsdH as virulence factors that have a high immunogenicity and are capable of inducing a specific humoral immune response in S. aureus-infected quarters. The optical density (OD) values of IsdA and IsdB IgA and IgG antibodies in milk affected by naturally occurring mastitis caused by S. aureus increased significantly compared to those in healthy milk. In the experimental infection study, the OD values of IsdA- and B-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly increased from 2 to 4 weeks after S. aureus infection compared to day 0 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, we demonstrated that milk from natural and experimental intramammary infections caused by S. aureus are associated with significantly higher IgA levels against IsdH (P < 0.05), but no significant change in IgG levels. Our findings facilitated our understanding of the pathogenicity of S. aureus in bovine mastitis, as well as the mechanisms by which specific humoral immune responses to S. aureus infection are induced. In addition, the results obtained could provide insight into how bovine mastitis can be controlled, for example, through vaccination.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Immunoglobulin A/immunology , Mastitis, Bovine/immunology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Milk/immunology , Staphylococcus aureus/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/classification , Cation Transport Proteins/immunology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/immunology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Female , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
2.
Anim Sci J ; 89(1): 259-266, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28891152

ABSTRACT

The exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in milk is affected by physiological, breeding and environmental factors. Little is known about the relationship between the MEC exfoliation into milk and mammary-infected Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) load on bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between S. aureus load and the proportion of MEC exfoliation in milk using five substantial bovine mastitis models. In 64 randomly extracted milk samples from udders at 3-21 days after S. aureus infusion, there were various samples with different numbers of S. aureus counts and somatic cell counts. No significant correlations were found between the S. aureus counts and somatic cell count (r = 0.338). In contrast, a significant correlation was noted between S. aureus counts and the proportion of cytokeratin-positive cells in the milk from the infused udders (r = 0.734, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the increasing MEC exfoliation rate in milk from mastitis udders caused by S. aureus may contribute to reduced milk yield.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Load , Epithelial Cells , Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine/physiopathology , Milk/cytology , Milk/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Animals , Cattle , Female , Lactation , Mastitis, Bovine/pathology
3.
J Vet Med Sci ; 78(9): 1505-1510, 2016 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27211287

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a major cause of bovine mastitis, but its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. To evaluate the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the immune or inflammatory response of SA mastitis, we investigated the gene expression profile in bovine mammary epithelial cells stimulated with LTA alone or with formalin-killed SA (FKSA) using cap analysis of gene expression. Seven common differentially expressed genes related to immune or inflammatory mediators were up-regulated under both LTA and FKSA stimulations. Three of these genes encode chemokines (IL-8, CXCL6 and CCL2) functioning as chemoattractant molecules for neutrophils and macrophages. These results suggest that the initial inflammatory response of SA infection in mammary gland may be related with LTA induced chemokine genes.


Subject(s)
Chemokines/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacokinetics , Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology , Teichoic Acids/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Cattle , Chemokine CCL2/metabolism , Chemokine CXCL6/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression/drug effects , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
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