ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity in adolescents and children has become a global public health problem and lots of factors influence the status of obesity and overweight. The present study aims to compare the health-related factors which could influence the obesity in Chinese children and adolescents in three different groups which including the local developed city group, rural-to-urban migrants group and immigrants origin areas group. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisted of 2457 children and adolescents aged 7-10 years old including 914 rural-to-urban migrants subjects, 795 local Shanghai subjects and 748 from immigrant origin areas. Physique measurements and self-reported information on health-related factors, such as physical activities, dietary habits, socio-economic factors such as family income, sleep habits, etc. were collected by questionnaire. SPSS16.0 was used in the analysis. RESULTS: Mean level of body height, body weight and sitting height were different among the three groups, local youth group was higher in all the indexes than the other two groups. Grip for both hands were higher in local group also, while the heart rate was lowest in rural-to-ruban migrants group. The mean BMI in three groups showed significant difference, highest for local group. Higher SBP level was found in city and rural-to-urban migrants group also. However, no difference of DBP between groups was detected. The distribution of pre-hypertension and hypertension in three groups were significantly different and the distribution of overweight and obesity between genders in all three groups were different. The prevalence of overweight was 19.04% in rural-to-urban migrants group (19.92% for male and 17.64% for female), 28.21% for city group (35.64% for male and 20.72% for female); while no overweight or obesity subjects were found in immigrant origin areas group in this study. When compared the overweight and obesity prevalence between city group and rural-to-urban migrants, we found the overweight was more common in the local youth group. Univariable Logistic regression analysis and multivariable analysis results suggested that the more rice intake, higher family income and SBP higher than 140 mmHg were risk factors to obesity for rural-to-ruban migrants, while good dietary habits (no TV watching during meals) was preventive factor to obesity and SBP higher than 120 mmHg and unsocial factor were associated with obesity for rural-to-urban migrants. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed the prevalence of overweight and obesity in developed city children and adolescents and rural-to-urban migrants were relatively high, especially more common in local population and male gender. Lifestyle, dietary and psychological factors offered important contribution in increasing or decreasing the risk of obesity.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are few longitudinal studies on the associations of obesity with hypertension in young adults. OBJECTIVES: To analyze longitudinally to what extent weight gain associates with hypertension in young adults. METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 6,178 university students (male 4,098; female 2,080). The associations of hypertension with body type change were longitudinally examined by using the records of health examinations while at university. The prevalence ratios (PRs) for hypertension in their senior year were calculated on groups that changed toward obese against those that changed toward underweight. The logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension in their senior year of each factor. The analyses were conducted on (i) all subjects, (ii) non-hypertensive subjects in their freshman year, and (iii) by schools, in order to take into account physical activities. RESULTS: The PRs of hypertension in subjects changed toward obese from their freshmen to seniors against ones toward underweight were 1.47 (95% CI; 1.00-2.15) for males and 3.50 (0.93-13.22) for females. In analyses limited to non-hypertensive subjects in their freshman year, results were similar to those of all subjects. The analyses by school also showed similar results to those including all subjects. In logistic regression analyses, although the factor most strongly associated with hypertension was body type in their senior year, the body type in their freshman still showed significant association with hypertension after the adjustment of senior year body type and hypertension in freshman year. The ORs for hypertension in obese subjects to normal weight ones in their senior year were 9.13 (95% CI; 5.77-14.45) for males and 22.59 (5.69-89.67) for females after adjusted by hypertension in freshman, body type in freshman and school. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the increase of BMI is linked to hypertension in university students.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to define and clarify the causes of differences in physique between urban students and rural students in China. METHODS: Subjects are 2,524 students (male, 838; female, 1686) who entered K University in Shanghai in September, 2001. The data used in this study is based upon K university's Yearly Health Check Record and Students' Family Condition Record. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the relationships between physique and gross family income, family income per capita, latitude, air temperature, precipitation or altitude. RESULTS: Urban students' height and weight are significantly greater than rural students' in both males and females. Both male students and female students are significantly taller and heavier in accordance with per capita increases in students' family income. The height and weight of male and female students whose parents are peasant farmers are least. With regard to the relationship between physique and urban-rural factors, the F value decreases clearly when family income per capita is taken as a covariate, while the F values slightly decrease also when factors of latitude etc. are taken as covariates. The main cause of differing family income is occupational difference between urban areas and rural ones. CONCLUSION: Students born in urban areas are taller and heavier than those born in rural areas. The main cause of these differences is family income per capita. The main cause of variations in family income is the income difference in occupations.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to observe change in subjective symptoms, quality of life (QOL) and mental health condition after catheter ablation (CA) for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and to assess patient evaluation of the treatment. METHODS: The questionnaire was sent to 103 patients (86 with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and 27 with atriovetricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)), who had received CA from February 1995 to January 1999. The question encompassed the condition of the patient, his or her evaluation of CA treatment, and a self-rating depression scale (SDS) together with social and subjective as well as non-specific physical points. We scored for improvement of QOL and SDS. Finally, from 82 patients who participated complete responses to the questionnaire were received from 59 (72.0%). The patients (50.5 +/- 15.8 years old, WPW syndrome; 41, AVNRT; 18) almost all (98.3%) RESULTS: gave a positive evaluation of CA. Over half (54.2%) no longer needed hospital consultation for any reason while three-quarters (76.3%) were free of life limitations. The complete cure rate from physicians was 100%. However, subjective symptoms of arrhythmia attack remained in 20.3% of the cases. Social and physical QOL were significantly improved after CA (social: < 0.05, physical: < 0.01) and the SDS score decreased significantly (< 0.05). 1. Self-awareness frequency of tachycardia attack, frequency of going to hospital and life CONCLUSION: limitations of PSVT patients decreased after CA. 2. QOL (social and physical QOL) and mental health condition significantly improved after CA. 3. Almost all patients (98.3%) gave a positive evaluation of CA. 4. Healthcare professionals should be aware that not only drug therapy, but also CA is effective for improvement of mental health and the QOL of patients with PSVT.
