ABSTRACT
Ascorbic acid levels were found to be closely related to different stages of growth and maturity of Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa, and Stilesia globipunctata from goats and sheep and of Raillietina echinobothrida from fowl. The ascorbic acid level in avian parasites was higher than that in mammalian. The level was highest in immature proglottides and lowest in gravid proglottides.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/physiology , Birds/parasitology , Cestoda/physiology , Mammals/parasitology , Animals , Cestoda/growth & development , Goats/parasitology , Sexual Maturation , Sheep/parasitologyABSTRACT
The growth of Anabaena and Aulosira fertilissima was adversely affected by endosulfan even at 1 microg ml(-1). The inhibition was significantly above 50% at 20 microg ml(-1) throughout the incubation. Anabaena survived up to 500 microg ml(-1) of malathion, but was completely bleached in the presence of 50 microg ml(-1) of endosulfan. Aulosira was more sensitive to malathion than Anabaena and recovered to control levels only at 10 microg ml(-1). The morphology and hetercyst frequency were not altered in Anabaena. Aulosira cultures were dull brown in colour at 20 microg ml(-1) of endosulfan with the filaments clumping, instead of the usual mat formation. Both malathion and endosulfan considerably lowered (14)C uptake and nitrogenase activities in Aulosira. Nitrogen fixation was unaffected in Anabaena as the amounts of ethylene produced were equal to, or above, control levels. The impact of these insecticides on photosynthesis in Anabaena was only slight.
ABSTRACT
Serine dehydratase was found to be five times more active than threonine dehydratase in the liver-fluke Fasciola indica. The latter was not affected by L-isoleucine. Optimum pH for both enzymes was found to be 9.0 in tris-universal buffer. Seven metallic ions tested did not accelerate the enzyme activity, but produced different effects on two enzymes. Two different enzymes probably exist for the two aminoacids, L-threonine and L-serine.
Subject(s)
Fasciola/enzymology , L-Serine Dehydratase/metabolism , Threonine Dehydratase/metabolism , Animals , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Isoleucine/pharmacology , Metals/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity was found to be greater than the glutamicoxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity in the mixed as well as in separate sexes of M. lucknowica. The sexual differences were 44.26% in GOT levels and 41.8% in GPT levels of the two sexes of the parasite, and the females showed higher enzymatic activity than their males.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/analysis , Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis , Nematoda/enzymology , Plants/parasitology , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Ascorbic acid levels of seven species of digenetic trematodes, living under different environmental conditions in fish and mammals were determined colorimetrically. Ascorbic acid levels ranged from 0.312 mg/100 g fresh weight in Gastrothylax crumenifer to 5.070 mg/100 g fresh weight in Fasciola indica. Low levels of ascorbic acid were detected in the rumen parasites and in Isoparorchis hypselobagri. In contrast the liver parasites were found to have relatively high ascorbic acid levels.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Fasciola/metabolism , Trematoda/metabolism , Animals , Buffaloes/parasitology , Fishes/parasitology , Liver/parasitology , Rumen/parasitology , Sheep/parasitology , Swine/parasitologyABSTRACT
Serum alkaline phosphatase levels of five species of fresh water fish hosts were altered by trypanosome parasites. The loss in enzymatic activity ranged from 3.91% to 69.91% in the five species of infected fishes as compared to normal level in the healthy hosts. The maximal reduction in the enzymatic activity caused by trypanosomes was observed in the herbivore carp fish Cirrhina mrigala and the minimal loss in the fresh water shark Wallago attu.
Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Trypanosomiasis/veterinary , Animals , Disease Vectors , Fish Diseases/enzymology , Fishes , Trypanosomiasis/enzymologyABSTRACT
Serum cholesterol levels of six species of fresh water fishes were lowered due to trypanosome infection. The percentage of infection in the different species of hosts ranged from 3.27% in Clarias batrachus to 16.66% in Wallago attu. Loss in serum cholesterol level was highest (42.39%) in the spiny eel Mastocembelus armotus and lowest in the carp Cirrhina mrigala (4.56%). Thus hypocholesterolemia was evidently caused in the fishes by trypanosomes.