ABSTRACT
Nowadays, it is a global problem to recycle LiCoO2 from waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the deficiency of high business cost and environmental pollution. Here, a novel three-channel ion recovery device based on a Zn-air desalination battery (ZADB) is proposed which can supply energy while separating Li+ and Co2+ from the recovered solution. The three-channel ZADB device consists of a Zn foil anode chamber with ZnSO4 anolyte stream, an intermediate chamber with Li+ and Co2+ recovered stream and an air cathode chamber with LiOH and Co(OH)2 catholyte stream, chambers are separated by anion exchange membrane (AEM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM) respectively. It can be described by the finite element simulation (FES) of physics field that, the Li+ and Co2+ in the recovered solution move to the cathode chamber, where the OH- are produced by absorbing O2 from the air combined with electronic in the discharge process. At the same time, the SO42- moves to the other end of the Zn foil anode chamber according to the law of charge conservation, which combined with the Zn2+ removed from the Zn foil. The results show that the recovery efficiency of the ZADB device is closely related to the discharge current density and the concentration of the recovered stream. The best recovery effect has achieved when 0.2 mol L-1 recovered solution is run for 24 h at the discharge current density of 0.2 mA cm-2. The average recovery rate is 0.275 mg min-1 with the highest recovery rate is 40.73 mg h-1, and the output energy density is 102.5 Wh Kg-1 during the experiment process. In addition, the ZADB device has the excellent long-term cycling performance and recycling stability. By comparing this device with other ion recovery methods, which provides that it is a splendid way to recycle Li+ and Co2+ from waste LIBs.
ABSTRACT
In order to characterize the freshness status of raw material of cooked crayfish products, protein and physicochemical changes were investigated in raw and cooked crayfish from fresh-live state to the early postmortem using Label-free quantification proteomics, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and biogenic amines (BAs) analysis. Results showed that the TVB-N and BAs contents in both raw and cooked crayfish remained low levels and no obvious changes were observed within 24 h of postmortem storage at 4 °C. Altogether, six differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in both C6/C0 and C24/C0 groups by proteomics. Furthermore, five among the six DEPs were verified both in cooked and raw crayfish samples by parallel reaction monitoring. Among the six DEPs, "Unigene990_S_0_Gene.8754" changed most significantly with the increasing of postmortem time and not obviously influenced by heating, indicating that "Unigene990_S_0_Gene.8754" may be highly associated to the freshness status of crayfish.
