Extraction and Biological Activity of Lignanoids from Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Residual Waste Biomass Using Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Lignanoids are an active ingredient exerting powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of many diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine waste, Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson residue (MOR) waste biomass was used as raw material in this study, and a series of deep eutectic solvents (ChUre, ChAce, ChPro, ChCit, ChOxa, ChMal, ChLac, ChLev, ChGly and ChEG) were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of lignanoids from MORs. The results showed that the best conditions for lignanoid extraction were a liquid-solid ratio of 40.50 mL/g, an HBD-HBA ratio of 2.06, a water percentage of 29.3%, an extract temperature of 337.65 K, and a time of 107 min. Under these conditions, the maximum lignanoid amount was 39.18 mg/g. In addition, the kinetics of the extraction process were investigated by mathematic modeling. In our antioxidant activity study, high antioxidant activity of the lignanoid extract was shown in scavenging four different types of free radicals (DPPH, ·OH, ABTS, and superoxide anions). At a concentration of 3 mg/mL, the total antioxidant capacity of the lignanoid extract was 1.795 U/mL, which was equal to 0.12 mg/mL of Vc solution. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity study found that the lignanoid extract exhibited good antibacterial effects against six tested pathogens. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus exerted the strongest antibacterial activity. Eventually, the correlation of the lignanoid extract with the biological activity and physicochemical properties of DESs is described using a heatmap, along with the evaluation of the in vitro hypoglycemic, in vitro hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity of the lignanoid extract. These findings can provide a theoretical foundation for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvents, as well as highlighting its specific significance in natural product development and utilization.

The effect of social anxiety on teenagers' internet addiction: the mediating role of loneliness and coping styles.

BACKGROUND & AIM: There is a lack of understanding of how social anxiety may affect Internet addiction among adolescents. Based on several theories, the purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple mediating roles of loneliness and coping styles in the association between social anxiety and Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: This study used the Social Anxiety Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Loneliness Scale, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire to investigate 1188 students in two junior high schools and senior high schools in Henan Province, China. We adopted Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 81 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among social anxiety, loneliness, coping styles, and Internet addiction. RESULTS: We found that social anxiety not only directly affects teenagers' Internet addiction, but also affects teenagers' Internet addiction through loneliness and coping styles. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of improving social anxiety to reduce Internet addiction among adolescents. At the same time, it also emphasizes the need to reduce adolescents' loneliness and cultivating positive coping styles. In addition, this study has certain theoretical significance for teenagers' mental health and intervention studies on Internet addiction.

The effect of work readiness on work well-being for newly graduated nurses: The mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between work readiness and work well-being for newly graduated nurses and the mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital in this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland China. A total of 478 newly graduated nurses completed the Work Readiness Scale, Emotional Labour Scale, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Work Well-being Scale. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis, and a structural equation model were used to analyze the available data. RESULTS: Newly graduated nurses' work readiness was significantly positively correlated with work well-being (r = 0.21, p < 0.01), deep acting (r = 0.11, p < 0.05), and psychological capital (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Emotional labor and psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between work readiness and work well-being. Additionally, emotional labor and psychological capital had a chain-mediating effect on the association. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Work readiness not only affects newly graduated nurses' work well-being directly but also indirectly through emotional labor and psychological capital. These results provide theoretical support and guidance for the study and improvement of newly graduated nurses' work well-being and emphasize the importance of intervention measures to improve work readiness and psychological capital and the adoption of deep-acting emotional-labor strategies.

The Relationship Between Illness Uncertainty and Social Support Among Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As a common psychological problem in cancer patients, illness uncertainty has attracted wide attention from scholars. Some studies have pointed out that the level of social support may affect illness uncertainty in patients with cancer, but the results of these studies remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between illness uncertainty and social support in patients with cancer using meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Citation Database were searched for articles published up to 2022. The screening of the literature, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by 2 researchers. Stata 17.0 software was used to analyze the overall and moderation effects. RESULTS: Notably, 41 studies involving 5403 patients were included. The results showed that the illness uncertainty of adults with cancer was moderately negatively correlated with social support (r = -0.33). Country, publication year, cancer type, and instrument used to measure social support moderated the association between illness uncertainty and social support. CONCLUSION: Improving the level of social support can reduce illness uncertainty experienced by adults with cancer to a certain extent. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This review provides a clear direction for implementing precise interventions to reduce illness uncertainty among adults with cancer. Furthermore, patients with cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates deserve greater attention from healthcare personnel and family caregivers.

Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves.

To increase the effectiveness of using typical biomass waste as a resource, iridoids, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids from the waste biomass of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EULs) were extracted by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in conjunction with macroporous resin. To optimize the extract conditions, the experiment of response surface was employed with the single-factor of DES composition molar ratio, liquid-solid ratio, water percentage, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The findings demonstrated that the theoretical simulated extraction yield of chlorogenic acid (CGA), geniposidic acid (GPA), aucubin (AU), geniposide (GP), rutin (RU), and isoquercetin (IQU) were 42.8, 137.2, 156.7, 5.4, 13.5, and 12.8 mg/g, respectively, under optimal conditions (hydrogen bond donor-hydrogen bond acceptor molar ratio of 1.96, liquid-solid ratio of 28.89 mL/g, water percentage of 38.44%, temperature of 317.36 K, and time of 55.59 min). Then, 12 resins were evaluated for their adsorption and desorption capabilities for the target components, and the HPD950 resin was found to operate at its optimum. Additionally, the HPD950 resin demonstrated significant sustainability and considerable potential in the recyclability test. Finally, the hypoglycemic in vitro, hypolipidemic in vitro, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of EUL extract were evaluated, and the correlation analysis of six active components with biological activity and physicochemical characteristics of DESs by heatmap were discussed. The findings of this study can offer a theoretical foundation for the extraction of valuable components by DESs from waste biomass, as well as specific utility benefits for the creation and development of natural products.

The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction in adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Many studies have explored the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction from different theoretical perspectives; however, the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP electronic databases were searched to identify studies examining the correlation between childhood trauma and adolescent internet addiction. The databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis. Results: This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023388699). A total of 19 studies involving 21,398 adolescents were included in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was used for pooled analysis, and the results revealed a strong positive association between childhood trauma and internet addiction (r = 0.395, 95% CI [0.345, 0.442]). The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction was moderated by sample size, survey area, and internet addiction measurement tools. There were significant differences between the associations based on the various child trauma measurement tools and study quality scores. However, interstudy heterogeneity was not significantly affected by study year, sample source, or participant age. Conclusion: Internet addiction is positively correlated with childhood trauma. Therefore, it is extremely important for parents to provide a good growth environment during childhood to enhance the physical and mental development of adolescents. A warm family atmosphere helps individuals develop a healthy personality, thereby reducing or preventing the occurrence of internet addiction. Due to the limited number and low quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by additional high-quality studies.

Extraction and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Seed Draff in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Macroporous Resins.

Aucubin (AU) is an active ingredient that exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of several diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization of traditional biomass waste, Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff (EUSD) waste biomass was used as the raw material, and a series of deep eutectic solvents were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of aucubin from EUSD. A response surface experiment was designed based on a single-factor experiment to optimize the extract conditions. The results showed that the best conditions for aucubin extraction were an HBD-HBA ratio of 2.18, a liquid-solid ratio of 46.92 mL/g, a water percentage of 37.95%, a temperature of 321.03 K, and an extraction time of 59.55 min. The maximum amount of aucubin was 156.4 mg/g, which was consistent with the theoretical value (156.8 mg/g). Then, the performance of 12 resins for adsorption and desorption was contrasted. The results revealed that HPD950 resin exhibited the best performance, with an adsorption capacity of 95.2% and a desorption capacity of 94.3%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best match to the kinetics data, the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm data, and adsorption was a beneficial, spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. In the recyclability test, the HPD950 resin had great potential and excellent sustainability in aucubin recovery. In the antioxidant activity study, the aucubin extract exerted a strong antioxidant ability with scavenging capabilities for four free radicals. Furthermore, the antifungal activity study found that the aucubin extract exhibited a good antifungal effect against 5 tested pathogens. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvent and a certain application value for the development and utilization of natural aucubin products.

Correlates of death anxiety for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to identify the factors related to cancer death anxiety based on available evidence. DESIGN: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. METHODS: Seven databases were searched to identify studies on the relationships of cancer death anxiety with demographic characteristics, disease factors and psychosocial factors from inception to May 2023. The Agency for Medical Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. After two researchers independently completed the literature search, data extraction and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. RESULTS: In total, 52 studies were included in this review. The results revealed that there were positive correlations of death anxiety with female sex, the symptom burden, anxiety levels, depression levels, fear of recurrence, attachment avoidance, psychological distress, resignation and confrontation coping. Death anxiety was negatively correlated with age, education level, ability to perform daily activities, self-esteem, spiritual well-being, sense of meaning in life, resilience, quality of life, social support and religious beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results can inform the design of interventions to address death anxiety and improve the overall quality of life of cancer patients. Healthcare professionals should promptly identify and focus on death anxiety in high-risk populations of cancer patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Cancer patients commonly experience death anxiety, and this anxiety has a nonnegligible impact on patients' mental health and overall quality of life. This study can inform the development of interventions by clinical healthcare professionals. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This was a meta-analysis based on data from previous studies.

Stigma and loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors: A moderated mediation model of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: Loneliness is common among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. It not only hinders the recovery of their neurological and physical functions but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence, disability, and even death. Improving the mental health of young and middle-aged stroke survivors is of utmost importance. However, previous research has not yet investigated the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and feelings of loneliness. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study confirms that stigma has a positive impact on loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Interpersonal sensitivity partially mediates the relationship between stigma and loneliness, and resilience plays a moderating role in the mediating mechanism. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Mental health nurses can formulate nursing interventions to reduce loneliness of young and middle-aged stroke survivors with the goals of improving stigma, reducing interpersonal sensitivity and cultivating resilience. ABSTRACT: Introduction Previous studies have not explored the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and loneliness. However, improving the resilience of young and middle-aged stroke survivors and increasing their social participation is of great significance for reducing patients' loneliness of patients and promoting their physical and mental rehabilitation. Aims To investigate the influence of stigma, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to collect data. A total of 330 participants completed measures of stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. The descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis were used to analyse the available data. Results The results revealed that young and middle-aged stroke survivors' stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness were significantly correlated between every two variables, with coefficients ranging between -0.157 and 0.682. Interpersonal sensitivity played a partial mediating role in stigma and loneliness, accounting for 63.27% of the total effect; This process was moderated by resilience. Discussion Stigma positively predicts participants' loneliness. As a mediating mechanism with moderating, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience further explain how stigma affects loneliness. Implications for Practice Understanding this mechanism is of guiding significance to reduce loneliness of young and middle-aged stroke patients and promote their physical and mental rehabilitation.

The relationship between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diabetes may perceive or experience varying degrees of stigma and psychological distress. The association between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress has been examined in many studies, but no research has used a quantitative synthesis method to investigate the severity of this association and the moderators of the relationship. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate previous findings to identify the magnitude of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes. REVIEW METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched four English academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WANFANG Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database [VIP]). The databases were searched from the inception of each database to the end of March 2023. The pooled correlation coefficient of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes was calculated by a random effects model using Stata software (version 17.0), and several moderators that impacted this relationship were identified. RESULTS: Eligible studies (N = 19) with a total of 12,777 participants were analysed. The pooled correlation was high between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress (r = 0.50, 95% CI: [0.43-0.57]). Moreover, the association was moderated by the diabetes stigma measurement tools and diabetes distress measurement tools used. However, the relationship was not moderated by type of diabetes, age, gender, geographical location, or type of stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the meta-analysis showed that stigma is strongly related to psychological distress among people with diabetes. Longitudinal or experimental research should be expanded in the future to further identify the causal pathways in the relationship between diabetes stigma and diabetes distress.

The effect of parenting styles on Chinese undergraduate nursing students' academic procrastination: the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy.

Background: Academic procrastination is common among college students, but there is a lack of research on the influencing mechanism of academic procrastination among nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of parental rearing patterns on academic procrastination of nursing students, and the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy. Methods: Using Parental Bonding Instrument, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Multidimensional Multi-Attribution Causality Scale and General Self-Efficiency Scale, the data of 683 nursing undergraduates from two universities in China were collected. Moreover, path analysis for structural equation modeling via AMOS 26.0 to evaluate mediation path model. Results: Positive parenting style was negatively associated with academic procrastination (r = -0.350) and negative parenting style was positively associated with academic procrastination (r = 0.402). Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic procrastination through the mediating effect of internal attributional style (ß = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.04) and self-efficacy (ß = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.03), and this mediating effect accounted for 41.46% of the total effect. Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic delay through the mediating effect of external attributional style (ß = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.17) and self-efficacy (ß = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.08), and this mediating effect accounted for 42.5% of the total effect. In addition, causal attribution and self-efficacy of nursing students play a chain intermediary role between parenting style and academic procrastination. Conclusion: Parents should give students more care and autonomy and reduce control. In addition, educators should give students attribution training, which is helpful to improve students' self-efficacy and reduce academic procrastination.

Perceived parenting style and Chinese nursing undergraduates' learning motivation: The chain mediating roles of self-efficacy and positive coping style.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and positive coping style on the relationship between parenting style and learning motivation in Chinese nursing students. BACKGROUND: Despite the abundance of literature that focuses on learning motivation, there is a lack of research that accurately and thoroughly examines the factors that influence learning motivation among nursing students. DESIGN: This study involved a cross-sectional design. METHODS: In total, 677 Chinese undergraduate nursing students completed the parental bonding instrument, the general self-efficacy scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire, and the learning motivation scale. A structural equation model was performed with AMOS 26.0 to explore the influence paths of variables and the mediating effects of self-efficacy and coping style. RESULTS: Parental care positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.23) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 54.06% of the total effect. Parental encouraging autonomy positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.24) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 71.42% of the total effect. Parental control negatively influenced intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.04) and positive coping style (B = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01), and this mediating effect contributed 42.85% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Parents should provide more care and autonomy to nursing students and reduce control over them. Nurse educators should consider targeted improvement strategies to improve the level of self-efficacy and positive coping style of nursing undergraduates to enable them to maintain a more intrinsic learning motivation.

Nurses' feeling trusted and knowledge hiding: The role of psychological safety, felt obligation and traditionality.

Knowledge hiding is one of the dilemmas of organizational knowledge management. For nurses, knowledge hiding behavior is not conducive to improving the quality and efficiency of their work and hinders the innovation of nursing services. Based on the social exchange theory, the current study constructed a moderated mediation model by taking psychological safety and felt obligation as mediating variables, and traditionality as moderating variable, and explored the mechanism of feeling trusted affecting knowledge hiding behavior. The empirical research based on 285 nurses from China shows that feeling trusted is negative correlate with knowledge hiding behavior; feeling trusted can negatively affect knowledge hiding by enhancing psychological safety and felt obligation; traditionality can positively moderate the relationship between feeling trusted and felt obligation, and feeling trusted has a stronger positive influence on felt obligation of highly traditional nurses; traditionality has no significant moderating effect between feeling trusted and psychological safety. Theoretically, this study supplements the influencing factors of knowledge hiding, examines the complex mechanism between feeling trusted and knowledge hiding and supplements the boundary conditions for feeling trusted to play its role from the perspective of individual characteristics (i.e., traditionality). From the perspective of practical implication, this study suggests that managers should pay attention to using trust strategies to enhance subordinates' psychological safety and felt obligation, especially for highly traditional nurses, thus reducing knowledge hiding.

Perceived Parenting Style and Subjective Well-Being among Chinese Nursing Undergraduates: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Gender.

The question of how to improve the subjective well-being (SWB) of nursing students is an important factor for reducing nursing loss and improving nursing quality. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of parenting style and self-efficacy (SE) on SWB among Chinese nursing undergraduates. The moderating role of gender between parenting style and SWB was also examined. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and the Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4 and Model 5 were used to analyze the available data. A total of 665 nursing undergraduates (Mage = 19.86, SD = 1.19) completed questionnaires. The results showed that PPS was positively correlated with SWB (r = 0.421, p < 0.01), while NPS was negatively correlated with SWB (r = -0.167, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, SE was positively correlated with PPS (r = 0.167, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with NPS (r = -0.175, p < 0.01). In addition, SE was positively correlated with SWB (r = 0.273, p < 0.01) and played a partial mediating role in the association between parenting style and SWB. Furthermore, gender moderated the direct effect of parenting style on SWB. Specifically, compared with male nursing students, parenting style has a greater influence on the SWB of female nursing students. These findings can be used to develop targeted improvement strategies for nursing educators to improve SWB levels among nursing undergraduates.

Duration of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of folic acid is prevalent, raising concerns about possible adverse effects. This prospective study aimed to explore the associations between the duration of folic acid supplementation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 326 pregnant women were prospectively included for detailed information on folic acid supplementation during pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy, lipid profiles at 16-18 weeks, and subsequent GDM diagnosis at 24-28 weeks. Associations among folic acid supplementation, lipid profiles, and risk of GDM were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The incidence of GDM in participants was 10.1%. We observed a U-shape relation between duration of folic acid supplementation and risk of GDM. Women who did not take folic acid and took folic acid for >90 days had a higher incidence of GDM compared to those who took folic acid for <=60 days. Moreover, lipid profiles were positively correlated with duration of folic acid supplementation and risk of GDM. After adjusting for demographic characters, energy and nutrients intakes and lipid profiles, the adjusted OR of GDM comparing taking folic acid for >90 days with taking folic acid for <=60 days was 3.45 (95% CI: 1.01, 11.8). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study indicate a positive association among prolonged folic acid supplementation, lipid profiles in the second trimester, and risk of GDM. Future studies are warranted to verify the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms.