Gut microbiota profiling in obese children from Southeastern China.

Childhood obesity not only has a negative impact on a child's health but is also a significant risk factor for adult obesity and related metabolic disorders, making it a major global public health concern. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of obesity, in addition to genetic and lifestyle factors. In this study, we recruited 19 normal-weight children and 47 children with varying degrees of obesity. A questionnaire survey was conducted to inquire about the family background, lifestyle habits and dietary composition of the 66 children. Findings indicate that fathers of obese children tend to be obese themselves, while children with highly educated mothers are more likely to maintain a normal weight. Furthermore, overweight children tend to spend more time on electronic devices and less time on physical activities compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Obese children exhibit significant differences in breakfast and dinner dietary composition when compared to children with normal weight. Additionally, the gut microbiota of these 66 children was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Analysis of gut microbiota composition showed similar compositions among children with varying degrees of obesity, but significant differences were observed in comparison to normal-weight children. Obese children exhibited a reduced proportion of Bacteroidota and an increased proportion of Firmicutes, resulting in an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. Moreover, Actinobacteriota were found to be increased in the gut microbiota of children with varying degrees of obesity. PICRUSt analysis indicated significant metabolic differences in the microbiota functions between obese and normal-weight children, suggesting the composition of gut microbiota could be a crucial factor contributing to obesity. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of childhood obesity.

Enhanced Detection Precision of the Taiji Program by Frequency Setting Strategy Based on a Hierarchical Optimization Algorithm.

For space-based gravitational wave detection, a laser interferometric measurement system composed of a three-spacecraft formation offers the most rewarding bandwidth of astrophysical sources. There are no oscillators available that are stable enough so that each spacecraft could use its own reference frequency. The conversion between reference frequencies and their distribution between all spacecrafts for the synchronization of the different metrology systems is the job of the inter-spacecraft frequency setting strategy, which is important for continuously acquiring scientific data and suppressing measurement noise. We propose a hierarchical optimization algorithm to solve the frequency setting strategy. The optimization objectives are minimum total readout displacement noise and maximum beat-note frequency feasible range. Multiple feasible parameter combinations were obtained for the Taiji program. These optimized parameters include lower and upper bounds of the beat note, sampling frequency, pilot tone signal frequency, ultrastable clock frequencies, and modulation depth. Among the 20 Pareto optimal solutions, the minimum total readout displacement noise was 4.12 pm/Hz, and the maximum feasible beat-note frequency range was 23 MHz. By adjusting the upper bound of beat-note frequency and laser power transmitted by the telescope, we explored the effects of these parameters on the minimum total readout displacement noise and optimal local laser power in greater depth. Our results may serve as a reference for the optimal design of laser interferometry system instrument parameters and may ultimately improve the detection performance and continuous detection time of the Taiji program.

Autonomous State Estimation and Observability Analysis for the Taiji Formation Using High-Precision Optical Sensors.

In certain observation periods of navigation missions for the Taiji formation, ground observation stations are unable to observe the spacecraft, while the state of the spacecraft can be estimated through the utilization of dynamic equations simulated on prior knowledge. However, this method cannot accurately track the spacecraft. In this paper, we focus on appropriately selecting the available onboard measurement to estimate the state of the spacecraft of the Taiji formation. We design two schemes to explore the performance of the state estimation based on the interspacecraft interferometry measurements and the measurements obtained from the Sun sensor and the radial velocity sensor. The observability of the system is numerically analyzed using the singular value decomposition method. Furthermore, we analyze error covariance propagation using the cubature Kalman filter. The results show that using high-precision interspacecraft angle measurement can improve significantly the observability of the system. The absolute position and velocity of the spacecraft can be estimated respectively with an accuracy of about 3.1 km and 0.14 m/s in the first scheme, where the prior information of the precision of the position and velocity is respectively 100 km and 1 m/s. When the measurement from the radial velocity sensor is used in the second scheme, the estimation accuracy of the velocity can be improved about 18 times better than that in the first scheme.

Inter-spacecraft offset frequency setting strategy in the Taiji program.

For controlling the beat frequency of heterodyne interferometry so that the Taiji program can detect gravitational waves in space, an offset frequency setting strategy based on a linear programming algorithm is proposed. Considering factors such as Doppler frequency shift, phase-locking scheme, laser relative intensity noise, and phase detector bandwidth, inter-spacecraft offset frequency setting results suitable for the Taiji program are obtained. During the six years of running the detection process, the use of frequency bounds in the range of [5 MHz, 25 MHz] showed that offset frequencies will remain unchanged for a maximum of 1931 days. If the upper and lower bounds are adjusted, and the relative motion between spacecraft is further constrained, the offset frequencies do not need to change during the time of the mission. These results may provide insights into selecting the phase detector and designing operation parameters such as orbit and laser modulation frequency in the Taiji program.

Synthesis of Methoxy-, Methylenedioxy-, Hydroxy-, and Halo-Substituted Benzophenanthridinone Derivatives as DNA Topoisomerase IB (TOP1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) Inhibitors and Their Biological Activity for Drug-Resistant Cancer.

As a recently discovered DNA repair enzyme, tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) removes topoisomerase IB (TOP1)-mediated DNA protein cross-links. Inhibiting TDP1 can potentiate the cytotoxicity of TOP1 inhibitors and overcome cancer cell resistance to TOP1 inhibitors. On the basis of our previous study, herein we report the synthesis of benzophenanthridinone derivatives as TOP1 and TDP1 inhibitors. Seven compounds (C2, C4, C5, C7, C8, C12, and C14) showed a robust TOP1 inhibitory activity (+++ or ++++), and four compounds (A13, C12, C13, and C26) showed a TDP1 inhibition (half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 15 or 19 µM). We also show that the dual TOP1 and TDP1 inhibitor C12 induces both cellular TOP1cc, TDP1cc formation and DNA damage, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis at a sub-micromolar concentration. In addition, C12 showed an enhanced activity in drug-resistant MCF-7/TDP1 cancer cells and was synergistic with topotecan in both MCF-7 and MCF-7/TDP1 cells.

Identification of Maize CC-Type Glutaredoxins That Are Associated with Response to Drought Stress.

Global maize cultivation is often adversely affected by drought stress. The CC-type glutaredoxin (GRX) genes form a plant-specific subfamily that regulate plant growth and respond to environmental stresses. However, how maize CC-type GRX (ZmGRXCC) genes respond to drought stress remains unclear. We performed a TBLASTN search to identify ZmGRXCCs in the maize genome and verified the identified sequences using the NCBI conservative domain database (CDD). We further established a phylogenetic tree using Mega7 and surveyed known cis-elements in the promoters of ZmGRXCCs using the PlantCARE database. We found twenty-one ZmGRXCCs in the maize genome by a genome-wide investigation and compared their phylogenetic relationships with rice, maize, and Arabidopsis. The analysis of their redox active sites showed that most of the 21 ZmGRXCCs share similar structures with their homologs. We assessed their expression at young seedlings and adult leaves under drought stress and their expression profiles in 15 tissues, and found that they were differentially expressed, indicating that different ZmGRXCC genes have different functions. Notably, ZmGRXCC14 is up-regulated at seedling, V12, V14, V16, and R1 stages. Importantly, significant associations between genetic variation in ZmGRXCC14 and drought tolerance are found at the seedling stage. These results will help to advance the study of the function of ZmGRXCCs genes under drought stress and understand the mechanism of drought resistance in maize.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-aminoethyl benzophenanthridone derivatives as DNA topoisomerase IB inhibitors.

DNA topoisomerase IB (TOP1) regulates DNA topological structure in many cellular metabolic processes and is a validated target for development of antitumor agents. Our previous study revealed that the benzophenanthridone scaffold is a novel chemotype for the discovery of TOP1 inhibitors. In this work, a series of novel 5-aminoethyl substituted benzophenanthridone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for TOP1 inhibition and cytotoxicity. Compound 12 exhibits the most potent TOP1 inhibition (+++) and cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines with GI50 values at nanomolar concentration range. 12 induces the cellular TOP1cc formation and DNA damage, resulting in HCT116 cell apoptosis. The pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity and antitumor efficiency in vivo of 12 were also studied.

Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Oxynitidine Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of DNA Topoisomerase IB (TOP1) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), and Potential Antitumor Agents.

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a recently discovered enzyme repairing DNA lesions resulting from stalled topoisomerase IB (TOP1)-DNA covalent complex. Inhibiting TDP1 in conjunction with TOP1 inhibitors can boost the action of the latter. Herein, we report the discovery of the natural product oxynitidine scaffold as a novel chemotype for the development of TOP1 and TDP1 inhibitors. Three kinds of analogues, benzophenanthridinone, dihydrobenzophenanthridine, and benzophenanthridine derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated for both TOP1 and TDP1 inhibition and cytotoxicity. Analogue 19a showed high TOP1 inhibition (+++) and induced the formation of cellular TOP1cc and DNA damage, resulting in cancer cells apoptosis at nanomolar concentration range. In vivo studies indicated that 19a exhibits antitumor efficiency in HCT116 xenograft model. 41a exhibited additional TDP1 inhibition with IC50 value of 7 µM and synergistic effect with camptothecin in MCF-7 cells. This work will facilitate future efforts for the discovery of natural product-based TOP1 and TDP1 inhibitors.

Standard diffusion-weighted, diffusion kurtosis and intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging of sinonasal malignancies: correlations with Ki-67 proliferation status.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlations of parameters derived from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with the Ki-67 proliferation status. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with histologically proven sinonasal malignancies who underwent standard DWI, DKI and IVIM were retrospectively reviewed. The mean, minimum, maximum and whole standard DWI [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)], DKI [diffusion kurtosis (K) and diffusion coefficient (Dk)] and IVIM [pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f)] parameters were measured and correlated with the Ki-67 labelling index (LI). The Ki-67 LI was categorised as high (> 50%) or low (≤ 50%). RESULTS: The K and f values were positively correlated with the Ki-67 LI (rho = 0.295~0.532), whereas the ADC, Dk and D values were negatively correlated with the Ki-67 LI (rho = -0.443~-0.277). The ADC, Dk and D values were lower, whereas the K value was higher in sinonasal malignancies with a high Ki-67 LI than in those in a low Ki-67 LI (all p < 0.05). A higher maximum K value (Kmax > 0.977) independently predicted a high Ki-67 status [odds ratio (OR) = 7.614; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.197-38.674; p = 0.017]. CONCLUSION: ADC, Dk, K, D and f are correlated with Ki-67 LI. Kmax is the strongest independent factor for predicting Ki-67 status. KEY POINTS: • DWI-derived parameters from different models are capable of providing different pathophysiological information. • DWI, DKI and IVIM parameters are associated with Ki-67 proliferation status. • K max derived from DKI is the strongest independent factor for the prediction of Ki-67 proliferation status.

Differentiation of olfactory neuroblastomas from nasal squamous cell carcinomas using MR diffusion kurtosis imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in the differentiation of olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs) from squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: DKI and DCE-MRI were performed in 17 patients with ONBs and 23 patients with SCCs on a 3T MR scanner. Parameters derived from DKI and DCE-MRI were measured and compared between ONBs and SCCs using an independent samples t-test. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were determined. RESULTS: The mean kurtosis (K) value of ONBs was significantly higher than that of SCCs (P < 0.001), and the mean fractional volume in the extravascular extracellular space (Ve ) value of ONBs was lower than that of SCCs (P < 0.001). The ROC curve analyses yielded a cutoff K value of 0.953, with a sensitivity of 94.1%, a specificity of 69.6%, and an accuracy of 80.0%; the cutoff Ve value was 0.493, with a sensitivity of 70.6%, a specificity of 95.7%, and an accuracy of 85.0%. A parallel test with K value >0.953 or Ve value ≤0.493 achieved a sensitivity of 94.1%, a specificity of 100.0%, and an accuracy of 97.5% for differentiating ONBs from SCCs. CONCLUSION: The K value of DKI and Ve value of DCE-MRI have potential use in the differentiation of ONBs and SCCs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:354-361.

Piriformospora indica promotes early flowering in Arabidopsis through regulation of the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways.

Flowering in plants is synchronized by both environmental cues and internal regulatory factors. Previous studies have shown that the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica promotes the growth and early flowering in Coleus forskohlii (a medicinal plant) and Arabidopsis. To further dissect the impact of P. indica on pathways responsible for flowering time in Arabidopsis, we co-cultivated Arabidopsis with P. indica and used RT-qPCR to analyze the main gene regulation networks involved in flowering. Our results revealed that the symbiotic interaction of Arabidopsis with P. indica promotes early flower development and the number of siliques. In addition, expression of the core flowering regulatory gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), of genes controlling the photoperiod [CRYPTOCHROMES (CRY1, CRY2) and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB)] and those related to gibberellin (GA) functions (RGA1, AGL24, GA3, and MYB5) were induced by the fungus, while key genes controlling the age and autonomous pathways remained unchanged. Moreover, early flowering promotion conferred by P. indica was promoted by exogenous GA and inhabited by GA inhibitor, and this effect could be observed under long day and neutral day photoperiod. Therefore, our data suggested that P. indica promotes early flowering in Arabidopsis likely through photoperiod and GA rather than age or the autonomous pathway.

Assessment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging, and 2D navigator-based reacquisition.

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for characterizing perfusion properties and its potential diagnostic utility for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging is a promising technique that can measure perfusion and diffusion characteristics simultaneously in a noninvasive manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orbital IVIM in a 3.0T scanner was performed on 33 patients with NAION and 15 controls using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging, and 2D navigator-based reacquisition (RESOLVE-IVIM). Both visual field (VF) and visual acuity (VA) examinations were performed in 19 of the patients. The vascular volume fraction (f), diffusion coefficient (D), and pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) were calculated for quantitative analysis. Additionally, correlation analyses of IVIM parameters with visual function were also performed. RESULTS: Affected optic nerves showed significantly lower f values than both unaffected contralateral nerves of the patients and nerves of the controls (P < 0.0001), and no significant difference for f was found between unaffected contralateral nerves and nerves of the controls (P = 0.1602). In addition, D and D* values showed no significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.0979, 0.0600, 0.6136 for D and 0.1779, 0.6253, 0.4743 for D*). Correlation analysis only demonstrated significant correlations between f values and the mean deviation of the visual field (r = 0.576, P = 0.0051). CONCLUSION: RESOLVE-IVIM measurement may reflect the perfusion abnormality and visual function impairment in NAION patients, demonstrating its potential application for the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of NAION. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1760-1766.

Assessment of Cochlea Endolymphatic Hydrops Using 3-D FLAIR and 3-D Real IR Sequence in Guinea Pigs via 3T MRI After Intratympanic Gadolinium: A Histopathological Comparison.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether the three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (3-D FLAIR) and three-dimensional inversion-recovery with real reconstruction (3-D real IR) sequences can be used to detect cochlea endolymphatic hydrops (EHs) in guinea pigs using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI). The results of 3-D real IR imaging were compared with histopathological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen healthy men and women albino guinea pigs were used in this study. Their right ears received procedures that promoted EHs, and their left ears were used as untreated controls. High-resolution 3T MRI, combined with the intratympanic injection of gadolinium (Gd) in both ears, was performed 8 to 12 weeks after surgery. Both sides of the cochlea midmodiolar sections were observed under a light microscope and saved as the histopathological images. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) between the T2-weighted 3-D FLAIR and T2-weighted 3-D real IR sequences were compared. The appearance of EHs in the basal, second, third, and apical turns of the cochlea was further evaluated using 3-D FLAIR, 3-D real IR, and the histopathological images. Moreover, the maximum scala media area ratios (SMRs) on the histopathological sections were compared with the grading of the EHs on the 3-D real IR sequence with regard to each turn of the cochlea. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the 3-D FLAIR and 3-D-real IR sequences with regard to the SNRs and CNRs (p < 0.05): the 3-D FLAIR sequence exhibited higher SNRs (SNRROI: 347.95 ±â€Š105.01; SNRB: 103.28 ±â€Š17.61) compared with the 3-D real IR sequence (SNRROI: 86.71 ±â€Š30.11; SNRB: 11.11 ±â€Š3.45), whereas the 3-D real IR sequence showed higher CNRs (2.78 ±â€Š0.58) compared with the 3-D FLAIR sequence (2.18 ±â€Š0.55). Various degrees of EHs were observed in each turn of the cochlea in the experimental ears on the basis of the histopathological images. Thirteen, 10, 4, and 0 EHs were observed in the basal, second, third, and apical turns of the cochlear using 3-D FLAIR images, respectively, whereas 14, 14, 14, and 13 EHs were found using 3-D real IR images, respectively. Significant differences were found between the two sequences when evaluating the second, third, and apical turns of the cochlear but not with regard to the basal turn (p < 0.05). The SMRs were proportional to the extent of the EHs on 3-D real IR imaging in each turn of the cochlea. CONCLUSIONS: 3-D real IR images are clearer than 3-D FLAIR images, and they can display cochlea EHs more precisely using 3T MRI in guinea pigs. The extent of the EHs on 3-D real IR imaging was more consistent with the histopathological observations in each turn of the cochlea.

High-Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Sinonasal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

OBJECT: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incremental value of high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping compared with that of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sinonasal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the characterization of benign versus malignant sinonasal tumors at 3.0T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (61 females, 37 males; mean age, 48 years) with sinonasal lesions who underwent high-resolution DW-MRI and DCE-MRI were included in this study. The lesions were divided into malignant and benign groups on the basis of pathological examination. In total, 58 malignant tumors and 40 benign tumors were evaluated. Apparent diffusion coefficients were acquired with 0 and 1000 s/mm b values. Semiquantitative parameters (time-signal intensity curve [TIC] type, time of peak enhancement within the first 2 minutes [Tpeak], peak percentage enhancement within the first 2 minutes [PEpeak], the last time point percentage enhancement [PElast], and the washout percentage-enhancement difference [PEwashout]) were derived from DCE-MRI. The DCE-MRI parameters and ADCs were included in multivariate models to predict a diagnosis of a benign versus malignant lesion. RESULTS: The accuracy using semiquantitative DCE-MRI parameters alone was 70.4% (0.693 area under the ROC curve, 57.5% sensitivity, 79.3% specificity). Adding absolute ADCs to dynamic contrast-enhanced MR data showed the higher diagnostic accuracy of 85.7% (0.873 area under the ROC curve, 85.0% sensitivity, 86.2% specificity). Moreover, the absolute ADCs differed significantly between the benign (mean [SD] ADC, 1.211 [0.32] × 10 mm/s) and malignant (mean [SD] ADC, 0.702 [0.28] × 10 mm/s) sinonasal tumors (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant difference was found between the ADC values of malignant and benign lesions in washout enhancement TICs (t = 7.039, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution DWI with ADC mapping significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced sinonasal MRI at 3.0T. In addition, ADC values could distinguish benign lesions from malignant tumors in washout enhancement TICs.

The diagnostic value of non-contrast enhanced quiescent interval single shot (QISS) magnetic resonance angiography at 3T for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, in comparison to CT angiography.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of renal insufficiency in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease raises the concern for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with respect to contrast enhanced MRA. The risk of NSF is eliminated with non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. The purpose of the current study is to compare image quality and diagnostic performance of non-contrast enhanced Quiescent Interval Single Shot (QISS) magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T versus CT angiography for evaluation of lower extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). METHODS: 32 consecutive patients (23 male, 9 female, age range 40-81 years, average age 61.97 years) with clinically suspected lower extremity PAD underwent QISS MRA and CTA. 19 of 32 patients underwent Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). Image quality of MRA was compared with CTA by two radiologists with 10 and 8 years' experience according to a 4-point scale. The Kappa test was used to determine the intermodality agreement between MRA and CTA in stenosis assessment, and interobserver agreement with each method. Sensitivity and specificity of CTA and MRA in detecting hemodynamically significant stenosis (≥50 %) were compared, with DSA serving as reference standard when available. RESULTS: Image quality of QISS MRA was rated 3.70 ± 0.49 by reader 1, and 3.72 ± 0.47 by reader 2, significantly lower than that of CTA (3.80 ± 0.44 and 3.82 ± 0.42, P < 0.001 for both readers). Intermodality agreement between MRA and CTA was excellent for assessment of stenosis (Kappa = 0.923 ± 0.013 for reader 1, 0.930 ± 0.012 for reader 2). Interobserver agreement was 0.936 ± 0.012 for CTA and 0.935 ± 0.011 for MRA. For readers 1 and 2 respectively, the sensitivity of QISS was 94.25 and 93.26 % (versus 90.11 and 89.13 % for CTA, P > 0.05), and specificity of QISS was 96.70 and 97.75 % (versus 96.55 and 96.51 % for CTA, P > 0.05). For heavily calcified segments, sensitivity of QISS (95.83 and 95.83 %) was significantly higher than that of CTA (74.19 and 76.67 %, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: QISS is a reliable alternative to CTA for evaluation of lower extremity PAD, and may be suitable as a first-line screening examination in patients with contraindications to intravenous contrast administration.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted-extraction of porcine placenta water-soluble proteins and evaluation of the antioxidant activity.

Porcine placenta is commonly used in Chinese as a traditional medicine. It has been reported by a number of researchers that the porcine placenta contains many compounds which have good health benefits. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of ultrasound power, ultrasound treat time, and extraction temperature on the extraction yield of porcine placenta water-soluble proteins (PPWP). The results indicated that, under optimum conditions of ultrasound power 257 w, extraction temperature at 49 °C for 7 min, the extraction yield of PPWP was 32.7 %, which was significantly higher than that of the conventional extraction method (CEM) of 15.0 %. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and the estimated model showed a high capacity of predicting the dependent variables. Although not significantly, the antioxidant activity of PPWP from ultrasound-assist-extraction (UAE) were higher than those from CEM, indicated that UAE had a positive effect or at least no negative effect on the bioactivity of PPWP.