Sodium butyrate alleviates right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting H19 and affecting the activation of let-7g-5p/IGF1 receptor/ERK.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and fatal cardio-pulmonary vascular disease. Decompensated right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) caused by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy often leads to fatal heart failure, the leading cause of mortality among patients. Sodium butyrate (SB), a compound known to reduce cardiac hypertrophy, was examined for its potential effect and the underlying mechanism of SB on PAH-RVH. The in vivo study showed that SB alleviated RVH and cardiac dysfunction, as well as improved life span and survival rate in MCT-PAH rats. The in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that SB could attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by reversing the expressions of H19, let-7g-5p, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1 receptor), and pERK. H19 inhibition restored the level of let-7g-5p and prevented the overexpression of IGF1 receptor and pERK in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. In addition, dual luciferase assay revealed that H19 demonstrated significant binding with let-7g-5p, acting as its endogenous RNA. Briefly, SB attenuated PAH-RVH by inhibiting the H19 overexpression, restoring the level of let-7g-5p, and hindering IGF1 receptor/ERK activation.

[Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts from Plumbago zeylanica].

Objective: To study the anti-oxidative constituents of the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica. Methods: The ethanol extract of Plumbago zeylanica was separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. On the basis of various spectroscopic data, the structures of isolated compounds were elucidated. ABTS+radical scavenging were carried out in antioxidant activity evaluation of the isolated compounds. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as cis-isoshinanolone-4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 1),tachioside( 2),2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-1-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 3),3-( ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid( 4),3'-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy-plumbagic acid( 5),3'-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy-plumbagic acid methyl ester( 6),plumbagic acid( 7),plumbagine A( 8),plumbagine C( 9),syringate-4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 10) and 2-methyl-5-hydroxychromone( 11). Compounds 2,3,and5 displayed significant scavenging effect on ABTS+. Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 4,10,11 are obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2,3,and 5 show significant anti-oxidative effects.

A second monoclinic polymorph of 4-(2-hydr-oxy-4-methoxy-benzyl-ideneamino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one.

The title compound, C(19)H(19)N(3)O(3), prepared by condensing 4-amino-anti-pyrine and 4-meth-oxy-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde in methanol, is the second monoclinic polymorph of this compound which crystallizes in the space group C2/c. The structure was previously reported [Wang, Zhang, Yan, Zheng & Yang (2007 ▶). Acta Cryst. E63, o1245-o1246] in the space group P2(1)/c. The hydroxyl group is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.787 (4) and 0.213 (4). The triply substituted benzene ring and the phenyl ring form dihedral angles of 12.2 (2) and 53.7 (2)°, respectively, with the pyrazolone ring; the corresponding values in the P2(1)/c polymorph are 7.5 (2) and 42.6 (2)°. Intra-molecular O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the major disorder component. Adjacent molecules are linked through intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers.