ABSTRACT
The social-emotional characteristics and drug-use patterns of adolescents who reported having no friends (i.e., isolates) were compared to those of adolescents in drug-using and non-drug-using peer groups. Adolescents who did not have drug-using peers reported the lowest drug use and those with drug-using peers had the highest drug use, with adolescents who were isolated falling in between. Isolated youth reported more shyness, greater feelings of alienation, and lower social acceptance than did those in the other groups. Isolated youth also reported more anger and depression than did youth with non-drug-using peers, but less anger and equivalent depression when compared to adolescents with drug-using peers. Results are discussed in terms of social-emotional characteristics of isolated youth and risk/protective factors.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Peer Group , Social Isolation , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , White People/psychology , Adolescent , Humans , Mexico/ethnology , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Three new triterpenoidal saponins were isolated from the branches of Calliandra anomala (KUNTH) MACBR. On elucidation of their structures, we noticed correlations between a series of structures and their HPLC retention time. By this behavior and the FAB-MS spectrum, the structures of three saponins (calliandra saponin M, N and O) were established.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Saponins/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistry , Antimalarials/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico , Molecular Structure , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Saponins/isolation & purification , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment/methods , Triterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Six new triterpenoidal saponins, called calliandra saponins G(1), H(2), I(3), J(4), K(5) and L(6), were isolated from the branches of Calliandra anomala (Kunth) Macbr. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectra, FAB-MS, and chemical evidence. These saponins, interestingly, have an N-acetyl glucosamine at the 3 position of the genin, and one or two monoterpene glycosides at the position of the sugar chain.