[A case of synchronous cancer of the gall bladder, common bile duct, and the papilla of vater].

A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with liver dysfunction during a health exam and subsequently visited a doctor. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed space-occupying lesions in the gall bladder and bile duct, and he was hospitalized for further examination and treatment. Computed tomography (CT), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed double cancer of the gall bladder and bile duct with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), and we performed a pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathological examination revealed gall bladder and bile duct cancer, and severe dysplasia of the papilla of Vater. We diagnosed synchronous triple cancer because none of the cancers had continuity or vascular invasion. Each cancer was at Stage I, and the patient has survived for 2 years and 6 months without recurrence and no additional treatment. PBM is a mutation of the junction of the pancreatic and bile ducts outside of the duodenal wall, and is a known complication of biliary tract cancer due to the reflux of pancreatic juice and bile. Because K-ras and p53 gene mutations occur in the biliary tract mucosal epithelium, PBM increases the risk of developing multicentric cancer. It is important to consider the existence of double cancer when biliary tract cancer is detected in a PBM patient.

[A case of postpancreaticoduodenectomy local recurrence successfully treated with extended resection].

A 68 -year-old man underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy after being diagnosed with primary duodenal cancer. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was tub2, SE, ly1, v1, panc3, pn+, N0. Although adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, local recurrence in the portal region was detected 18 months later. The recurrent tumor pressed against the region of the bile duct anastomosis, which caused obstructive jaundice. After serum bilirubin levels were reduced, resection of the recurrent tumors was performed. This required resection of the transverse colon, parts of the portal vein, and the inferior vena cava. The bile duct anastomotic region, which had been infiltrated by the tumor, was excised and rebuilt. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was tub2. The patient continued to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and showed no signs of recurrence 9 months after surgery. Extended resection for local recurrences of primary duodenal cancer may be an effective means of disease control.

[A case of extragastrointestinal stromal tumor with peritoneal dissemination].

Here, we present the case of a 60-year-old man in whom abdominal computed tomography showed a solid abdominal tumor (11 cm in diameter) in the pelvic space, with widely disseminated nodular lesions. Emergency surgery was performed following the rapid onset of intense abdominal pain. Peritoneal disseminations were widespread and the tumor was confirmed to be in the pelvic space. The tumor was not connected to any segment of the intestinal tract but rather to the retroperitoneum. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for c-kit (exon 11 mutation) and CD34 but negative for S-100 protein. Careful postoperative examination did not reveal any lesions in the upper or lower alimentary tract. On the basis of these findings we diagnosed the tumor as an extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) originating from the retroperitoneum. After surgery, intravenous infusion of imatinib was started at a full dose of 400mg/day; however, owing to strong adverse effects, the dose was reduced to 200mg/day. Despite halving the dose, the patient has remained lesion-free according to computed tomography for 36 months after the operation. Low-dose imatinib chemotherapy remained efficacious in controlling progression in this case.