ABSTRACT
A study of the effects of providing high-calorie and vitamin-mineral supplements to preschool village children retarded in growth and development in Chiang Mai, Thailand was done. The preschool children of 24 villages with a population of approximately 11,000 were divided into five control and intervention groups. The interventions consisted of a village health program, high-calorie snacks, and vitamin-mineral supplements. The supplements when used were provided in day care centers for preschool children. The health and nutrition interventions used did not significantly affect growth during the study period reported from December 1981 to October 1983. Monthly changes in length and weight observed in this and a previous study indicate that growth patterns in Thai children are different from those seen in industrialized societies. Factors other than lack of nutrients and infection may be responsible for the inadequate growth often reported in developing countries.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Nutritional Status , Body Height , Body Weight , Child, Preschool , Energy Intake , Female , Food, Fortified , Humans , Infant , Male , ThailandSubject(s)
Body Height , Body Weight , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Growth , Humans , Male , Reference Values , ThailandABSTRACT
Longitudinal data on 1,048 Thai children were evaluated for evidence of subcutaneous fat remodelling. Fat distribution, as defined by 100 (triceps/[triceps + subscapular]), was more pronounced in the limbs during infancy but shifted toward the trunk thereafter. Subsequent stepwise regression analysis indicated that biological age--as measured by Gruelich-Pyle bone age--and weight together explained between 0.8% and 14.5% of variance in fat distribution, with generally larger R2 values over age and for males. Relationships were curvilinear, with sex differences in slope. Path analysis supported the model that weight was a major causal agent primarily after infancy, whereas biological age had a small influence both in infancy and in late childhood. These findings indicate that trunk fat deposition is a normal feature of childhood. They also suggest that hypotheses which associate elevated trunk fatness with disorders of glucose metabolism are invalid for younger children.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/physiology , Age Determination by Skeleton , Asia, Southeastern , Child , Child, Preschool , Dietary Fats , Female , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Probability , Sex Factors , Skinfold ThicknessSubject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Growth , Rural Population , Body Constitution , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , ThailandSubject(s)
Amino Acids, Essential , Food, Fortified , Iron , Oryza , Vitamins , Adult , Anthropometry , Child , Diet , Energy Intake , Food Analysis , Food, Fortified/standards , Growth Disorders/diet therapy , Humans , Infant , Lysine , Riboflavin , Thailand , Thiamine , Threonine , Vitamin ASubject(s)
Diet , Hair/metabolism , Trace Elements/metabolism , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Copper/metabolism , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Proteins , Female , Humans , Infant , Iron/metabolism , Magnesium/metabolism , Male , Rats , Species Specificity , Thailand , Vitamins , Zinc/metabolismSubject(s)
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Food, Fortified , Lysine , Oryza , Threonine , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Iron , Male , Rural Population , Thailand , Vitamin AABSTRACT
Twenty-two cases of 2nd (25-40 per cent, below the calculated ideal weight) and 3rd (attained 40 per cent deficiency or less of their ideal weight) protein calorie malnutrition according to (Gomez's classification) were thoroughly investigated. Hematological examination of therepipherial blood and biochemical determination were performed. Dietary histories in the form of 24 hour recall were obtained from the subjects. These revealed faulty breast feeding and formula preparations habits in addition to delayed food supplementation. Dietary calculation revealed a gross nutrient deficiency. The haematological data revealed a mean Hb value of 8.7 g per cent. In terms of MCV and MCHC the types of anaemia observed were macrocytic hyperchromic in 54.5 per cent; normocytic in 31.8 per cent; and microcytic in 13.7 per cent of all the cases studied. Anaemia and malnutrition are becoming a major problem before the age of six months in areas where the practice of breast feeding is rapidly diminishing. The etiology of anaemia in most of the cases was multifactoral - the most common factor being faulty dietetics and this often followed by infection. Children on a semi-starvation diet are easily prone to infection which further aggravates the existing nutritional imbalance resulting in a deficiency disease syndrome. (AU)